aspects of building construction

1. Aspects of Building Construction
By: Prakash Singh
Code:B2055R14001010
Guided by
Mr. Vishutosh Bajpai

2. Overview
Why do we need buildings?
Process of building construction
Constraints on building construction
Elements create building load
Forces delivered to Earth for building to
be structurally sound
Basic Components of building
Identification of Construction materials

3. Why do we need buildings?
 Safety- from natural hazards,animals,protection
from things detrimental to human health
 Recreational Purpose- Cinema hall, Markets,
Malls, Gaming Centre.
 Services-Hospitals ,Schools , Colleges.
 Day to day activities of human being food, sleep
,waste disposal
 We need services that provide
energy,communications,water and disposal of
wastes.
 We need less light by day and more light by night,
than is offered by the natural world.

4. Cyclic Process of building construction
 The main stages
are:
1. Planning
2. Design
3. Tendering
4. Construction Process
5. Handover
6. Evaluation

5. Constraints on building construction
 Health codes
 Fire codes
 Plumbing codes
 Electrical codes
 Building contractors and Labour Union Regulations

6. Elements create building load
Various loads are taken into account while
designing the foundation of a structure.
Two broad categories:
 Dead loads
 Live loads
Specific terms for dead loads and live loads:
 Concentrated load
 Distributed load
 Design load
 Undesigned load
 Fire load

7. Imposition of Loads
Loads must be transmitted to
structural elements.
Terms associated with imposition-
 Axial load
 Eccentric load
 Torsion load

8. Forces delivered to Earth for building to be structurally sound
Structural Elements
Building is an assembly of structural
elements designed to transfer loads to
the earth.
Can be defined simply as:
Beams
Columns
Walls
Connections

9. Beams
 Transfer loads
perpendicular to its
length.
 Types of beams
 Simple beam
 Continuous beam
 Cantilever beam
 Lintel
 Girder
 Joist
 Truss and purlin

10. Columns
Any structural component that transmits
a compressive force parallel through its
centre.
Typically support beams and other
columns
Generally vertical supports of building
Can be vertical, horizontal or diagonal

11. Walls
Really long, but slender column
Two categories-
-Load bearing walls
It carries weight of beams, other
walls,floors,roofs,other structural elements.
IT carries weight of the wall itself.
-Non-load bearing walls
Need only support its own weight. Example
are partition wall between two stores in a
strip mall.

12. Connections
Weak link as it relates to structural failure
during fires
 - Often small, low-mass material that
lacks capacity to absorb heat.
Three Categories-
 Pinned
 Rigid
 Gravity

13. Basic components of building
 1. SUPER-STRUCTURE
 2. SUBSTRUCTURE-
Plinth,D.P.C.,Walls and
columns,Floors,Beams,Slabs

14. Identification of Construction materials
Many factors determine which material is
used to form structural elements-
Cost
Application
Engineering capabilities
Adaptability
Each material react to fire in a different
way.

15. wood
 Most common building material
 Relatively inexpensive
 Marginal resistance to forces compared to weight.
 Native wood with more mass takes longer to burn
before strength is lost.
 Engineered wood
 Plywood delaminates when exposed to fire.
 Some composites fail through exposure to heat
without burning.

16. Steel
Mixture of carbon and iron ore.
Excellent tensile,shear strength.
Popular choice for-
Girders
Lintels
Cantilevered beams
Columns
Losses strength as temperature increase.

17. Concrete
Mixture of portland cement,sand,gravel
and water.
Excellent compressive strength.
All concrete contains some moisture.
Under heat,moisture expands and causes
concrete to crack .
Concrete can stay hot long after the fire is
out.

18. Masonry
Common term that refers to brick,concrete
block and stone.
Used to form load-bearing walls
Veneer wall supports its own weight.
Mortar holds units together and have little
or no tensile or shear strength.
Excellent fire resistive properties.

19. Cement
Mixture of calcium silicates and aluminium
silicates and aluminium ferrite.
It gives good compressive strength.
It has good setting time
It is hygroscopic material
We use as binding material.

20. THANK YOU