This document provides information about structuralism in architecture and several structuralist architects and projects. It discusses how structuralism emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction to rationalism. Key aspects of structuralism included distinguishing between long-lasting structures and shorter-term infills. Several projects by structuralist architects Aldo van Eyck and Herman Hertzberger are described, including van Eyck's Amsterdam Orphanage and Hertzberger's Diagoon housing which explored concepts of personalization and adaptability over time. Hertzberger's office building for Centraal Beheer is also summarized, which used repeated 9x9 meter structural units.

1. Structuralism
A_0519_Vatsal C.
A_1019_Jahnvi G.
A_1419_Tulsi K.
A_2619_Manan P.
A_3219_Kaushal T.
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Faculty: RS,BB
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2. Structuralism
-Structuralism is a movement in architecture and urban planning that evolved
around the middle of the 20th century. It was a reaction to Rationalism's) perceived
lifeless expression of urban planning that ignored the identity of the inhabitants and
urban forms.
-fundamental theory of structuralism: Competence and performance
-there was no complete structuralist philosophy but only a structuralist method.
- by Hertzberger is: "In Structuralism, one differentiates between a structure with a long
life cycle and infills with shorter life cycles."
-. In the architecture of Herman Hertzberger Structuralist form can be found from the
smallest detail up to the most complicated structure, whether it is in terms of spatial,
facade or environmental design.
-The relationships between the elements are more important than the elements
themselves. The elements are interchangeable, but not the relationships."
-A characteristic of structuralist architecture and urbanism is the configuration with units
of structure and grid, in different variations.
● 1. Structures formed of building units
● 2. Structures formed of building groups
● 3. Structures formed of structural units
● 4. Structures formed of communication units (vertical units, horizontal units)
● 5. Other structures (without grid)
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3. Aldo Van Eyck
He was a Dutch architect.He was one of the most influential protagonists
of the architectural movement Structuralism.
Aldo van Eyck was born in Driebergen, Holland in 1918. Although
educated in England during his youth, he eventually went to Zurich to
attend the ETH.
He taught at the Amsterdam Academy of Architecture from 1954 to 1959,
and was a professor at the Delft Technical College from 1966 to 1984.
He also was editor of the architecture magazine Forum from 1959 to 1963
and in 1967.
16 March 1918 – 14 January 1999
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4. Aldo Van Eyck designed the Amsterdam
orphanage, which became the key work of Dutch
structuralism.
At the time of its completion, the Amsterdam
Orphanage was located on the outskirts of the
city.
It was commissioned as an orphanage for
children of all ages and includes sleeping
quarters, a kitchen, laundry room, gymnasium,
library, and administrative spaces.
Van Eyck spoke of the Orphanage as a small
urban study.
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Amsterdam Orphanage

12. mass model 1:250

13. Part model 1:100

14. The modules consist of four round columns at the corners with a domed roof of pre-cast
concrete on top. The floor is also concrete. The many facades in the building are either a glass
wall or a solid wall made with dark brown bricks.
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15. Pastoor van Ars Church
The Hague, Netherlands. 1969
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16. 16

17. Herman Hertzberger
Nationality : Netherlands
Born : Amsterdam 6 july 1932
One of the leading Dutch theorists and architects of the modern age,
Herman Hertzberger (1932) graduated in Engineering and Architecture
in 1958, as a student of Aldo van Eyck (1918-1999) and opened his own
Practice in Amsterdam that same year.
During his studies, Hertzberger had already won a competition to design
a student residence (1959-1966) in Amsterdam.
This project, like the expansion of the LinMij factory (1964), already
contained numerous recurrent features seen in his future designs,
including modifying a building’s function over time, the microcosm and
the “dynamic equilibrium between the individual and the community
which Hertzberger puts at the center of his work”
A leading exponent of structuralism, Hertzberger also had a significant
career as a teacher and theorist. He lectured at the University of
Amsterdam (1965-1969), was an extraordinary professor at Delft
University of Technology (1970-1999), and visiting professor at the
University of Geneva (1982-1986) followed by professor from 1986 to
1993.
However many of his theories (or at least those implemented at
Diagoon) can be categorized under the five themes of Personalisation
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Refrence: FLOORNATURE ARCHITECTURE & SURFACES

18. Herman Hertzberger works and projects
- Ampliamento della scuola De Wijert, Groningen (Olanda),-----------------------------------------------------------------------2020
- Hertzberger Parc(progetto), Apeldoorn (Olanda), 2019
- CODA café (progetto), Apeldoorn (Olanda), —-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2019
- Nieuwe Veste Culture market, Breda (Olanda), 2019
- Ampliamento del Teatro Chassè, Breda (Olanda), —---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
- Organ TivoliVredenburg, Utrecht (Olanda), 2017
- Ampliamento della scuola Stationskwartier, Rijswijk (Olanda),----------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
- Twickel College, Hengelo (Olanda), 2016
- Omnibus, Arnhem (Olanda),------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2015
- TivoliVredenburg, Utrecht (Olanda), 2014
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering, Flux, University of Technology, Eindhoven (Olanda), —-2014
- Community centre De Wetering, Arnhem (Olanda), 2012
- ABC school De Bron, Amersfoort (Olanda), —--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2012
- Urban plan Waterrijk, Eindhoven (Olanda), 2010
- Edifici per il Water Management and Sewerage Department, Amsterdam (Olanda), —----------------------------------2005
- Media Park Forum, Colonia (Germania), 2004
- Complessi residenziali a Düren (Germania), —--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1997
- Montessori College Oost, Amsterdam (Olanda), 1996
- Ampliamento Centro Commerciale Vanderveen, Assen (Olanda), —----------------------------------------------------------1998
- Teatro Markant, Uden (Olanda), 1996
- Teatro Chassé, Breda (Olanda), —-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1995
- Centro teatrale, L’Aia (Olanda), 1993
- Biblioteca e scuola di musica, Breda (Olanda), —----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1993
- Sede dell’Ufficio Brevetti del Benelux, L’Aia (Olanda), 1991
- Ministero degli Affari Sociali, L’Aia (Olanda),----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1990 18
Refrence: FLOORNATURE ARCHITECTURE & SURFACES

19. - Scuola De Evenaar, Amsterdam (Olanda), 1986
- Scuole Apollo, Amsterdam (Olanda), 1983
- Centro musicale Vredenburg, Utrecht (Olanda), 1978
- Case Diagonal, Delft (Olanda), 1971
- Casa per anziani De Drie Hoven, Amsterdam (Olanda), 1974
- Uffici della Centraal Beheer, Apeldoorn (Olanda), 1972
- Alloggio sperimentale Diagoon, Delft (Olanda), 1970
- Scuola Montessori, Delft (Olanda), 1966 e succ. ampliamenti
- Casa dello studente, Amsterdam (Olanda), 1966
Refrence: FLOORNATURE ARCHITECTURE & SURFACES

20. Diagoon house (Netherlands-1967)
-Herman Hertzberger designed the Diagoon Houses as an alternative prototype to the
standardised housing systems of the post-war era.
-Houses are basically a so-called half-product. Residents should be able to arrange, expand,
finish, and furnish the houses themselves.
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21. Theories Which applied in Diagoon housing
Personalisation and Identity
Territoriality
Space and Memory
Architectural Signage
The Temporal Dimension

22. Layout
Ground Floor: Small porch has been created
“Garage” used as a storage room
and pantry.
First Floo : “Balcony” is now internal; the
kitchen has been expanded
into this space.
Open plan living and dining room
Upper level divided in two creating
an office and library, and separate
store room
Second Floor: Master bedroom, sealed off from the
rest of the house
Laundry area
Roof terrace has been built on and
used as a bedroom
Top Floor : Torenkamer used for storage

23. 1970
1977
Late 1970
2010

24. 1.Level:Atelier / garage 2..Level:Living
room/Individual room
-Living room/Office
3.Level: Master bedroom/
Children’s room

27. The office of Centraal Beheer (1968-1972)
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-Hertzberger designed the primary element, a 9-meter cube, then repeated and adjusted it along two central “streets,” forming
the social hub of the building. These interior spaces are equally developed vertically and horizontally.

28. - It was designed not as an office building but as a
workspace.
-The concept for the Centraal Beheer building involves the
consistent application of a single repeated spatial unit of 9 x
9 metres as a basic building block.
-. The dimensions were chosen so as to be able to
accommodate all components of the programme.
-MVRDV to transform Herman Hertzberger’s Centraal
Beheer building – an icon of structuralism – into a new
residential district
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