Reducing medication errors

topic: Errors (medication or patient injury)
in particular strategies for reducing medication errors
Guidelines:
Guideli
n
es
f
o
r Top
i
c
S
ea
r
c
h
St
r
a
t
egy
P
aper
T
h
e
T
o
p
ic

S
e
a
rch
S
tra
t
e
g
y
P
a
p
e
r ist
h
efi
r
st
o
f
three
r
e
l
at
e
d assi
g
n
me
n
tswhich are due in Unit 3. T
h
e
pu

r
p
o
se
o
ft
h
is i
n
itial
p
a
p
e
r is
t
o
b
r
i
e
fly
d
e
scri
b
e
y
o
u
r
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e
arch
s
tra

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g
i
e
sw
h
e
ni
d
e
n
tif
y
i
n
gt
w
oar
t
iclest
h
at
p
e
r
t
aintoan
ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
-
b

as
e
d
p
ra
c
ticet
op
ic
o
f i
n
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e
r
e
s
t
.
C
O
U
RS
E
O
U
TC
O
M
E
S
T
h
i
sa

ss
i
gn
m
entena
b
l
es
th
e
s
tud
e
nt
t
o
m
eetthe
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
ng
c
o
u
rs
eo
u
t
c
o
m

e
s
.
CO
1
:
E
xa
m
i
n
et
h
es
o
u
r
ces
o
f k
n
o
w
l
e
dg
et
h
at
c
o
n
tri
bu
te
t

o
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
al
nu
rsi
n
g
p
ractic
e
.(
P
O
#
7
)
CO
2
:
App
ly
r
e
s
e
a
r
ch

p
ri
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
t
ot
h
ei
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
tat
i
o
n
o
f t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
o

f
pub
lis
h
e
d
r
e
s
e
archst
ud
i
e
s.(
P
Os
#
4
and#
8
)
D
U
E
D
A
TE
Re
f
erto
the
c
ou
rs
e

c
a
l
en
d
ar
f
ordue
d
ate.
T
he
c
o
l
l
eg
e
’
s
L
ate
A
ss
i
gn
m
entp
o
li
c
y
a
pp
li
estot

h
i
sa
c
t
iv
i
t
y
.
P
OI
N
T
S
P
OSSI
B
L
E
T
h
is assi
gnm
e
n
tis
w
o
r
t
h
1
5
0
p

o
i
n
t
s
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h
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c
o
lle
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e
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L
a
t
e
A
ssi
gnm
e
n
t
p
o
licya
pp
li
e
stot
h
is a
c
ti
v

i
t
y
.
R
EQ
U
IRE
M
E
N
T
S
Y
o
u
will be assigned a group in unit 2 (located in the team
collaboration tab) to formulate an
ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
-
b
as
e
d
p
ra
c
ticet
op
ic

o
f i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
that will be used to complete the unit 3 and unit 5 independent
assignments, as well as the group PowerPoint presentation in
unit 7.
T
hepaperw
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i
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u
de
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o
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d.
P
a
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th:three to fourp
a
ges
P
RE

P
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1.
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atea
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ourg
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2.
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a
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er
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udea
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i

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D
IRE
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AN
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T
C
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A
s
s
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%
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t
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on
Cli
n
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a
lQ
ue
s
t
i
o
n
45
30
1
.
P
r
o
b
l
e
mis
d
e
s
cri
b
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d
.

W
h
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tist
h
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o
c
u
s
o
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o
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r
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up
’s
w
o
r
k
?
2
.
S
i
gn
ifica
n
ce

o
ft
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
mis
d
e
scri
b
e
d
.W
h
at
h
e
alth
o
u
t
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ltf

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?Orw
h
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tatist
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um
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n
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h
isisa
p
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m
?
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n
d s
upp
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o
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bsites
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e
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ss
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a
n
i
z
ati
o
n
s.
3
.
W
h
atis
yo
u
r
P
I
C
OT
qu
e
s
ti
on
?

4
.
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
y
o
u
r
p
a
p
e
r.
W
h
atwill
yo
u
r
p
a
p
e
r
d
o
o

r
d
e
scri
b
e
?
T
h
is is s
i
m
ilar
t
oa
p
r
o
b
l
e
mstat
e
me
n
t.
“
T
h
e
pu
r
p
o
se
o

f t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r is
t
o
. . .”
L
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
E
vi
den
c
e
30
20
1
.
W
h
at
t
y
p

e
o
f
qu
e
s
ti
o
n
a
re
yo
u
a
ski
n
g (t
h
e
ra
p
y
,
p
r
o
g
n
o
sis,
m
ea
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ng
,etc

.
)
?
2
.
W
h
atist
h
e
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ce
t
o
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ef
o
un
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t

oa
n
sw
ert
h
at
qu
e
sti
o
n
(
e
.g
., RCT,
c
o
h
o
rt
s
t
ud
y
,
qu
alitat
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v
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ud
y
)?
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rc
h

S
t
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y
45
30
1
.
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e
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t
o
p
ic(s)
p
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h
at
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id
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u
u
sef
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h t
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s?
2
.
W
h
at
d
ata
b
a
s
e
(s)
d
id
y
o
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u
s
e

?
L
i
n
k
y
o
u
r s
e
a
r
ch with
t
h
e
P
ICOT
qu
e
st
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o
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d
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scri
b
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d
a
b
ove
.
3
.

A
s
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o
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m
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d ar
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icles
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b
le
nu
m
b
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w?
W
e
rea
n
yli
m
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ts
u
s
e
d
?
Ifs
o
,w
h
a
t?

4
.
I
d
e
n
tifyt
h
etwo
m
o
str
e
l
ev
a
n
ta
n
d
h
e
l
p
f
u
l ar
t
ic
l
e
st
h
a

t
w
ill
p
r
ov
i
d
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gu
i
d
a
n
ce
f
o
r
y
o
u
r
n
e
xt
p
a
p
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ra
n
d t
h
e
g
r

o
up
’sw
o
r
k. W
h
yweret
h
e
s
etwose
l
ec
t
e
d
?
Fo
r
m
at
30
20
1
.
C
o
rr
e
c
t
g
r

a
m
m
ar ands
p
e
lli
n
g
2
.
Use
o
f
h
e
a
d
i
n
gs
f
o
r
e
a
ch s
ec
ti
o
n
:Cli
n
ical Q

u
e
st
i
o
n
,
L
e
v
e
l
o
f
E
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
S
e
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r
ch
S
tra
t
e
g
y
,C
o

n
cl
u
si
o
n
3
.
A
P
A
f
o
r
m
a
t
(sixth
e
d.
)
4
.
P
a
p
e
r
l
e
ng

t
h
:three to four
p
a
g
e
s
T
o
t
al
15
0
100
G
R
A
D
I
N
G
R
UB
RIC
A
ss
i
g
n
me

nt
C
r
it
er
ia
Out
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
r
H
i
g
h
e
st
Leve
l
o
f
Pe
rf
o
r
ma
n
ce

A
(
92
–
100
%)
V
e
r
y
G
oodor H
i
g
h
Leve
l
o
f
Pe
rf
o
r
ma
n
ce
B
(
84
–
9
1
%
)

C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
t
o
r
Sa
ti
s
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
Leve
l
o
f
Pe
rf
o
r
ma
n
ce
C
(

76
–
8
3
%
)
P
oo
r
,F
ai
l
i
n
gor
U
n
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
Leve
l
o
f
Pe
rf
o

r
ma
n
ce
F
(
0
–
7
5
%)
C
li
n
i
c
a
lQ
ue
st
i
o
n
45
po
i
n
ts
A

LL
e
l
e
m
e
n
ts
p
r
e
se
n
t
1.
Pr
ob
l
e
m
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
dcl
e
a
r
l

y
.
2.
Sig
n
i
f
ic
an
c
e
o
f
p
r
ob
l
e
m
is
d
es
cri
b
e
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l

y
.
3.
PI
C
OT
qu
e
s
ti
o
nis
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d.
4.
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
pap
e
ris
s

t
a
t
e
d.
42
–
45
po
i
n
ts
Al
l
bu
to
n
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
p
r
e
se
n
t
1.
Pr
ob
l

e
m
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
dcl
e
a
r
l
y
.
2.
Sig
n
i
f
ic
an
c
e
o
f
p
r
ob
l
e

m
is
d
es
cri
b
e
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
.
3.
PI
C
OT
qu
e
s
ti
o
nis
p
r
e
se
n
t

e
d.
4.
P
u
r
po
s
e
o
f
pap
e
ris
s
t
a
t
e
d
.
38
–
41
po
i
n
ts
A
LL
bu
ttwo
e
l

e
m
e
n
ts
p
r
e
se
n
t
1.
Pr
ob
l
e
m
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
dcl
e
a
r
l
y
.
2.

Sig
n
i
f
ic
an
c
e
o
f
p
r
ob
l
e
m
is
d
es
cri
b
e
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
.
3.

PI
C
OT
qu
e
s
ti
o
nis
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d.
4.
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
pap
e
ris
s
t
a
t

e
d.
34
–
37
po
i
n
ts
T
hr
ee
o
r
mor
e
e
l
eme
n
ts
m
i
s
s
i
n
g
1.
Pr
ob
l
e
m

i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
cl
e
a
r
l
y
.
2.
Sig
n
i
f
ic
an
c
e
o
f
p
r
ob
l
e
m

is
d
es
cri
b
e
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
.
3.
PI
C
OT
qu
e
s
ti
o
nis
p
r
e
se
n
t
e

d.
4.
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
pap
e
ris
s
t
a
t
e
d.
0
–
33
po
i
n
ts
L
e
v
e
l
s
o

f
E
v
i
denc
e
30
po
i
n
ts
1.
A
ccur
at
e
l
y
i
d
e
n
ti
f
i
e
st
yp
e
o
f
qu
es
ti

o
n
b
e
i
n
g
a
s
k
e
d.
2.
A
ccur
at
e
l
y
i
d
e
n
ti
f
i
e
sbest type of evidence available to answer question being asked.
28
–
30
po
i

n
ts
1.
Acc
u
r
a
t
e
lyi
d
e
n
ti
f
i
e
st
yp
e
o
f
qu
es
ti
o
n
b
e
i
n
g
a
s

k
e
d.
2.
I
na
cc
u
r
a
t
e
ly
identifies best type of evidence available to answer question
being asked.
26
–
27
po
i
n
ts
1.
Incompletely or inaccurately identifies type of question being
asked.
2.
Incompletely or inaccurately identifies best type of evidence
available to answer question being asked.
23–25
po

i
n
ts
1.
D
oe
s
no
t
i
d
e
n
ti
f
yt
yp
e
o
f
qu
es
ti
o
n
b
e
i
n
g
a
s
k
e

d.
2.
D
oe
s
no
t
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
b
es
tt
yp
e
of evidence available to answer question being asked.
0
–
22
po
i
n
ts

S
e
a
rc
h
S
t
r
at
e
g
y
45
po
i
n
ts
A
LL
e
l
e
m
e
n
ts
p
r
e
se
n
t
1.
Search topic(s) and terms provided.

2.
Includes database(s) used for search and links to PICOT
question.
3.
Explains process of refining search to locate evidence.
4.
Identifies and defends the choice of the two most relevant
articles to provide guidance for your next paper and the group’s
work.
42
–
45
po
i
n
ts
Al
l
bu
to
n
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
p
r
e
se

nt
1.
2.
question.
3.
4.
work.
38
–
41
po
i
n
ts
A
LL
bu
ttwo
e
l
e
m
e
n
ts
p

r
e
se
n
t
1.
2.
question.
3.
4.
work.
34
–
37
po
i
n
ts
T
hr
ee
o
r
mor
e
e

l
eme
n
ts
m
i
s
s
i
n
g
1.
2.
question.
3.
4.
work.
0
–
33
po
i
n
ts

F
orm
at
30
po
i
n
ts
1.
G
r
a
m
m
a
r
an
d
me
c
han
i
c
s
a
re
f
r
ee
o
f
err
o

r
s
.
2.
H
e
ad
i
n
gs
a
re
f
re
e
o
f
erro
r
s
an
di
n
cl
ud
e
a
ll
o
ft
h
e
following.
a.

Clinical Question
b.
Level of Evidence
c.
Search Strategy
d.
Conclusion
3.
APA
f
or
m
a
t
is
us
e
d
w
i
t
hou
t
error
s
.
4.
T
o
t
a

ll
e
n
gt
h
:
Three to four
pa
g
e
s,
e
xcl
ud
i
n
gr
e
f
e
r
e
n
ce
s
an
dtitle
pa
g
e
.
28
–
30
po

i
n
ts
1.
G
r
a
m
m
a
r
an
d
me
c
han
i
c
s
have no more than
one type of error
.
2.
H
e
ad
i
n
gs
a
re
f
re

e
o
f
erro
r
s
an
di
n
cl
ud
e
three
o
ft
h
e
following.
a.
Clinical Question
b.
Level of Evidence
c.
Search Strategy
d.
Conclusion
3.
APA
f
or
m

a
t
is
us
e
d
w
i
t
hou
t
error
s
.
4.
T
o
t
a
ll
e
n
gt
h
:
Three to four
pa
g
e
s,
e
xcl
ud
i
n

gr
e
f
e
r
e
n
ce
s
an
dtitle
pa
g
e
.
26
–
27
po
i
n
ts
1.
G
r
a
m
m
a
r
an
d
me
c

han
i
c
s
hav
e
n
o
mor
et
h
ant
w
ot
y
pe
s
o
f
error
s
.
2.
H
e
ad
i
n
gs
a
re
f
re
e
o

f
erro
r
s
an
di
n
cl
ud
e
two
o
ft
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g.
a.
C
li
n
ic
a
lQ
u
e
s
ti
o

n
b.
L
e
v
e
l
o
f
E
v
i
d
e
n
ce
c.
S
e
a
rchStr
a
t
e
gy
d.
C
on
cl
u
s
i
o

n
3.
APA
f
or
m
a
t
is
us
e
d
w
i
t
hou
t
error
s
.
4.
T
o
t
a
ll
e
n
gt
h
:
l
e
s

st
h
an
three or more than four
pa
g
e
s,
e
xcl
ud
i
n
g r
efe
r
e
n
c
e
s
an
dtitle
pa
g
e.
23–25
po
i
n
ts
1.
G
r

a
m
m
a
r
an
d
me
c
han
i
c
s
hav
e
t
hre
e
o
r
m
o
r
et
y
pe
s
o
f
er
r
or
s
.
2.

H
e
ad
i
n
gs
h
a
v
e
error
s,a
re m
i
ss
i
n
g
,or
i
n
cl
ud
e
j
u
sto
n
e
o
ft
h
e
f
oll
o

w
i
n
g.
a.
C
li
n
ic
a
lQ
u
e
s
ti
o
n
b.
L
e
v
e
l
o
f
E
v
i
d
e
n
ce
c.

S
e
a
rchStr
a
t
e
gy
d.
C
on
cl
u
s
i
o
n
3.
APA
f
or
m
a
t
is
us
e
d
w
i
t
hou
t
error

s
.
4.
T
o
t
a
ll
e
n
gt
h
:
l
e
s
st
h
anthree
o
r
mor
et
h
a
nfour
pa
g
e
s,
e
xcl
ud
i
n

g r
efe
r
e
n
c
e
s
an
dtitle
pa
ge.
0
–
22
po
i
n
ts
T
o
t
a
l
P
o
i
n
t
s

P
os
s
i
b
l
e=
1
5
0
p
oi
n
t
s
I am attaching an example of the paper as a reference below.

Reducing medication errors

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