This document presents a project on an IOT based CNC plotter machine. It discusses the history and components of CNC machines including the 3D printed parts, Arduino UNO, CNC shield, stepper motors, and Node MCU used in this project. It explains how integrating IOT enables remote monitoring and control of CNC machines, reducing time and human work. The project prototype is shown and the advantages of the IOT based CNC mechanism are provided, concluding that connecting devices over the internet allows more efficient automated operations.

1. CNC
Computerized Numerical Control
“Technology like art is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.”
Daniel Bell

2. Sage University
Sagar Institute Of Research And Technology
CNC Plotter Machine
IOT Based Model
Presented By – Major Project Group
{ Ankit Kumar Yadav, Amit Jadhav, Deepak Pathote, Vaibhav Malviya, Vikas Jadhav}
Electronics And Communication 4th Year
Presented To – Prof. Ruby Jain

3. Table Of Contain -
1.Introduction
2. History
3. Components Used
A. 3D Printed Parts
B. Arduino UNO
C. CNC Shield V3
D. CNC Shield Driver
E. Stepper Motor
F. Servo Motor
G. Power Supply
H. Node MCU
I. HC – 05 Bluetooth Device
4. Internet Of Things ( IOT )
5. IOT Based CNC Mechanism
6. Tools Used
A. Software Used
B. Software, Hardware Synchronization
7. Working Device ( Prototype )
8. Advantages
9. Conclusion

4. 1. Introduction
CNC means Computer Numerical Control. A Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is
the automation of machine tools by which we can draw different type of letter,
picture provided by a computer using software into it’s controller.
This means a computer converts the design into numbers which the computer uses
to control the cutting and shaping of the material.
The code used to program CNC machines is generically called G-code. However,
G-code instructions are only part of the programming language. Specifically, G-
codes give CNC machines the coordinates

5. 2. History
The first commercial CNC machines were
built in the 1950's, and run from punched
tape.
CNC, and later CNC, allowed for tremendous
increases in productivity for machine tools
because the machines could be run
automatically without requiring constant
attention from their operator.

6. 3. Components Used
A. 3D Printed Parts
3D printing is used across the industry due
to the ability to create light, yet geometrically
complex parts, such as Blisks. Rather than
building a part from several components, 3D
printing allows for an item to be created as
one whole component, reducing lead times
and material wastage.

7. 3. Components Used
B. Arduino UNO
A microcontroller board, contains on-board
power supply, USB port to communicate with
PC, and an Atmel microcontroller chip.
It simplify the process of creating any control
system by providing the standard
board that can be programmed and connected
to the system without the need to any
sophisticated PCB design and implementation.
It is an open source hardware, any one can get
the details of its design and modify it or make
his own one himself.

8. 3. Components Used
C. CNC Shield V3
This expansion board as a driver expansion
board, can be used for engraving machines,
3D printers. It is a total of four slots, can drive
four A4988 stepper motor. Each road stepper
motors only need two IO ports. In other
words, six IO ports can be well managed
three stepper motors. Very convenient to use.

9. 3. Components Used
D. CNC Shield Driver
Simple step and direction control interface.
Five different step resolutions: full-step, half-
step, quarter-step, eighth-step, and sixteenth-
step Adjustable current control lets you set the
maximum current output with a potentiometer,
which lets you use voltages above your
stepper motor’s rated voltage to achieve
higher step rates.

10. 3. Components Used
E. Stepper Motor
Stepper motors are DC motors that move in
discrete steps. With a computer controlled
stepping you can achieve very precise
positioning and/or speed control.In our project
we use drive stepper Motor Automation of 3
Motors to control the coordinates (X,Y,Z)of a
pen with flexible head can be used as Plotter.

11. 3. Component Used
F. Servo Motor
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear
actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and
acceleration. It consists of a
suitable motor coupled to a sensor for
position feedback.

12. 3. Component Used
G. Power Supply
Power to the ESP8266 Node
MCU is supplied via the on-board Micro B
USB connector. Alternatively, if you have a
regulated 5V voltage source, the VIN pin can
be used to directly supply the ESP8266 and
its peripherals.
Warning: The ESP8266 requires a
3.3V power supply and 3.3V logic levels for
communication.

13. 3. Component Used
H. Node MCU
Node MCU is a low-cost open source IoT
platform. It initially included firmware which
runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espress if Systems, and hardware which was
based on the ESP-12 module. Later, support
for the ESP32 32-bit MCU was added.

14. 3. Component Used
I. HC – 05 Bluetooth Device
HC-05 Bluetooth Module is an easy to
use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port
Protocol) module, designed for transparent
wireless serial connection setup. ... HC-05
Bluetooth module provides switching mode
between master and slave mode which
means it able to use neither receiving nor
transmitting data.

15. 4. Internet Of Things ( IOT )
The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of
physical devices around the world that are now connected
to the internet, all collecting and sharing data.
Thanks to the arrival of super-cheap computer chips and
the ubiquity of wireless networks, it's possible to turn
anything, from something as small as a pill to something as
big as an airplane, into a part of the IoT.
Connecting up all these different objects and adding
sensors to them adds a level of digital intelligence to
devices that would be otherwise dumb, enabling them to
communicate real-time data without involving a human
being.
The Internet of Things is making the fabric of the world
around us more smarter and more responsive, merging the
digital and physical universes.

16. 5. IOT Based CNC Mechanism
• While at a lower level the implementation of IoT enables the use of CNC machine monitoring solutions, on a larger
scale IoT creates machine-to-machine interaction that results in automated operations and less manual
intervention.
• Sensors embedded on CNC machines measure different parameters and share them to a platform from where the
condition and functioning of the machines can be effectively supervised. Moreover, CNC machines can read the
data gathered from sensors to automatically replace tools, change the degree of freedom, or perform any other
action.
• Here are some benefits that a company can enjoy from this promising conglomeration of CNC and IoT.
• Less Time
• More Efficient
• M2M reduces Human Work
• Direct Operating through Internet
• Fast and Reliable Work

17. 6. Tool Used
A. Software
1. Arduino IDE 1.8.13
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to
write code and upload it to the board. This software can be
used with any Arduino board and Node MCU Board.
2. GRBL Controller
GRBL Controller is designed to send G Code to CNC
machines, such as 3D milling machines. It isn’t super
smart, it just needs to give the user a nice way to get
commands down to whatever controller they are using.
3. INK Space
Inkscape is a free and open-source Graphics editor.
Used for creating G Code and managing dimension of
Object.

18. 6. Tool Used
B. Software, Hardware
Synchronization
A CNC system requires motor drives to control both the
position and the velocity of machine axes. Each axis must
be driven separately, and must follow the command signal
generated by the numerical control. There are two ways to
activate the servo drives; the open-loop system and the
closed-loop system.
Synchronization of the Loops will create all the system will
work on SYSTEM basis. And Configure the desired
OPERATION.

19. 7. Working Device ( Prototype )

20. 8. Advantages
• Fast
• Secure
• Easy To Use
• Anywhere Anytime Operation Can Be Done
• Reduces Human Error
• Increase Efficiency
• Increase In Accuracy
• Highly Reliable

21. 9. Conclusion
CNC machines can be used continuously 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and only need to
be switched off for occasional maintenance.
CNC machines are programmed with a design which can then be manufactured hundreds or
even thousands of times.
Each manufactured product will be exactly the same.
Less skilled/trained people can operate CNC’s unlike manual lathes / milling machines etc...
Which need skilled engineers?
CNC machines can be updated by improving the software used to drive the machines.

22. Thank You
“The IoT is removing mundane repetitive tasks or creating things that just weren’t possible before, enabling more people to do more
rewarding tasks and leaving the machines to do the repetitive jobs.”