Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Β
Alternating Current AC
1.
2. TIPS FOR TAKING ONLINE CLASS
FOR YOURSELF
1: Be ready before the starting time
2: Treat an online course like a real course
3: Hold yourself accountable
4: Practice time management
5: Create a regular study space and stay organized
6: Eliminate distractions
7: Figure out how you learn best
8: Actively participate
9: Leverage your network
INSIDE THE CLASS
1: Open your camera
2: Mute your audio
3: take your pen, copy and other material sources
3: Donβt add your note on the screen
4: Do ask, write and share after the permission. It
will be provided at the end of the class
5: Be more disciplined.
2
33. 1.
The emf of an ac source is given by the expression, E = 300 sin 314 t volts.
Write the values of peak voltage and frequency of source. [2074 'A]
Comparing with E = Eo sin Οt,
we get
Eo= 300 and Ο = 314 Hence, the peak value of
Eo = 300 V
f = 50 Hz Ans.
34. 2.
Define rms value of ac. How is it related with the peak value of ac?
[2074 'B', supp. 2070, 2nd Exam 2068, 1st Exam 2067, 2064]
It is the steady current which when passed through a given resistance for a given time
produces the same amount of heat as produced by the a.c for the same resistor for the
same time.
ππππ =
ππ
2
Peak Value
35. 3.
Why is choke coil preferable to resistor ? [Supp. 2073, 2071 βDβ] OR
Choke coil is preferred to a resistor in an alternating current circuit
Why? [Set 'B'2069, 1st Exam 2068,2062, 2057 2055, 2053] OR
Explain why choke coil is used in an a.c. [Supp. 2062]
A choke coil decreases the current without wasting
electrical energy in the form of heat.
36. 4.
Alternating current passes through a capacitor where as direct current does not.
Explain this fact on the basis of capacitive reactance. [2073 βDβ, Supp.2063]
Xc =
1
2πππΆ
where f is frequency and C is capacitance
We see that.
(I)for ac current xc ~ small
(ii) for d.c. current f = 0 , xc ~ β
37. 5.
How does the resonance frequency of an L.C.R. series circuit change if the plates
of the capacitor are brought closer together ?
π =
πππ΄
π d
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
π =
1
2π πΏπΆ
38. 6.
What is wattles current? [2072'D', 2071 βCβ 2067 2nd Exam, 2058]
It doesn't consume any power in a circuit.
In case of wattles current phase difference between
current and e.m.f. should be p/2 in an circuit.
We have power in A.C. is given by
Pav = Irms Erms cosf
In case of inductor f = p/2
Pav = Irms Erms cos p/2 = 0
Hence no power is consumed by an inductor.
39. 7.
What are the advantages of A.C. over D.C. ? [2072'Eβ]
β’ Transmission and distribution cheaper
β’ Easily convertible to DC
β’ AC machine are stronger and easy to use
β’ Voltage can be stepped up or down and can reach
distant places
40. Reactance --------resistance offered by an inductor or a
capacitor. The alternating e.m.f. and the current differ
in phase by p/2 when a.c. flows through an inductor or
a capacitor.
Impedance --------effective resistance of a.c. --------------i.e.
the effective resistance offered by LR circuit or CR
circuit or LCR circuit.
π = π 2 + ππ β ππΏ 2
8.
Distinguish between reactance and impedance for an a.c. circuit?
[2054]
41. 9.
Which is more dangerous in use a.c. or d.c.? Why? [2070 set C]
Ans: The a.c. is more dangerous than d.c. of the same voltage.
For a.c. Erms = 220 V means peak value is E0 = 2 Erms = 2 x 220 = 311 V
whereas for 220 V d.c. peak value is (220 V), the same.
42. 10
What do you mean by power factor? On what factors does it
depend?
[2069 set A]
Pav = Irms Erms cosf
Power factor, πππ π =
π
π 2
+(ΟπΏ β
1
ππΆ
)2
Virtual
Real
Ans: The cosine of the phase angle between alternating
e.m.f. and current in an a.c. circuit is called power
factor.
43. 12.
For a capacitor in an a.c. circuit, explain why there is a phase difference
between current and voltage. [Supp. 2071]
If πΌ = πΌππ ππππ‘
Then, π°π π ππ πΈ = πΈππ ππ(ππ‘ β
π
2
)
When Capacitor is connected in the a.c.
Both alternating
C I V I L
44. 13
Fluorescent lights often use an inductor, to limit the current through the tubes. Why is
it better to use an inductor rather than a resistor for this purpose? [2070
'Dβ]
Inductor consumes
no power
45. 14.
At high frequencies, capacitor becomes a short-circuit and an inductor
becomes an open circuit. Explain. [2069 Set A]
ππ =
1
ππΆ
=
1
2πππΆ
ππΏ = ππΏ = 2πππΏ
π β 0
π β β
46. 15.
Sketch the symbols of "a capacitor", "an inductor" , "emf of a cell"
and "a resistor". [Set 'B' 20691
47. 14
Long-distance, electric power, transmission lines always operate at very high
voltage, some time as much as 750 K. V. What are the advantages of such high
voltages? [2nd Exam 2068]
P = IV = I2R
At Long distance R is significant
52. 4.
A coil having inductance and resistance is connected to an oscillator
giving a fixed sinusoidal output voltage of 5V rms. With the oscillator set
at a frequency of 50Hz, the rms current in the coil is 1A and at a
frequency of 100Hz, the rms current is 0.625,A. Determine the
inductance of the coil. [2072'c']
z1=
πΈ
πΌ1
z2=
πΈ
πΌ2
π = π 2 + ππΏ2 π2 = π 2 + ππΏ2
π1
2 = π 2 + π1πΏ
2 π2
2 = π 2 + π2πΏ
2
β΄ πΏ = 1.14 Γ 10β2H
π1
2 β π2
2 = π1πΏ
2 β π2πΏ
2
56. 8.
Alternating voltage in an ac circuit is represented by
E = 100 π sin (100 π π) volts. Find its root mean
square value and the frequency. [Set 'B' 2069]
π =
π
2π
= 50Hz
Erms=
πΈπ
2
= 100V
E = Eo sin Οt
61. 1.
The conductivity of an electrolyte is very low as
compared to a metal at room temperature, Why?
Hints:
Ion density < electron density
Drift velocity(vd ) of ions is smaller
Resistance offered in electrolyte is more.
62. 2.
Why does voltammeter measure current more
accurately than an ammeter?
Hints
In a voltmeter, I =
π
π§π‘
, m can be measured upto third
decimal place and z is known upto five decimal places, so
value of I can be calculated with a very small error as
compared to that by an ammeter.
63. 3.
What is meant by Faraday constant ?
The quantity of charge required to liberate one gram
equivalent of a substance during electrolysis.
Or
Charge required to liberate one mole of a monovalent
element during electrolysis.
Its value is 96500C mol-1
64. 4.
Define one Faraday.
It is defined as 96500 C of charge required to deposit or
liberate one gram equivalent of a substance.
66. 1.
Assuming Faraday constant to be 96500 C/mole and
relative atomic mass of copper 63, calculate the mass of
copper liberated by 0.5A current in 10 minutes. [2056]
Solution
For copper, m =
π΄πΌπ‘
πΉπ
=
63 Γ0.5Γ600
96500Γ2
Valency
π = π. π Γ ππβπ
Kg
67. 2.
In a copper plating system, an electrolysis current of 3
A is used. How many atoms of Cu++ are deposited in
1.5 hr? ( e = - 1.6 Γ 10-19 C)
Solution
Charge passed in 1.5 hr , Q = It = 3 Γ 5400 C
Charge carried by each Cu++ atom =2 Γ 1.6 Γ 10-19 C
No. of atoms deposited =
3Γ5400
2Γ1.6Γ10β19 = 5.06 Γ 1022
69. DID YOU ENJOYE THE CLASS?
Leave your valuable suggestions so that I will be
better for you all in the next class. Your
suggestions are highly appreciated.
NO?
Yes?
70.
71. 71
βThousands and thousands are dying due to
coronavirus and yet when this thing is over the
humanity will declare a victory! What victory?
Fools! There is no victory for the dead people!
And when it comes to the living people,
everyone should have a deep sadness in their
soul, not a brag of victory!β