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如何初步判讀
腹部 X 光
常見腹部 X 光種類
Abdominal plain film
站著的PA view,上緣包含橫膈膜
KUB
躺著的AP view,照到kidney、ureter、bladder
Left decubitus
左側躺,肝臟在上
腹部 X 光觀察重點
A Air
B Bone
C Calcification
D Soft tissue Density
Air – 正常腹部可看到的 air
胃
左上腹,有時會看
到air-fluid level
Air – 正常腹部可看到的 air
小腸
可以看到plicae
circulares
Air – 正常腹部可看到的 air
大腸
可以看到Haustra,
裡面可能有stool
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
Perforation 小腸阻塞
大腸阻塞 Volvulus
腸壁發炎
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
Perforation
在CXR看到橫膈膜
下有free air
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
Perforation
在Left decubitus下
看到肝臟上方有air
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
小腸阻塞
小腸>3cm,有stack of
coin sign。可能是
obstruction or ileus
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
小腸阻塞
若附近局部發炎造成
ileus,也可能看到
sentinel loop
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
大腸阻塞
大腸>6cm或直腸>9cm
阻塞近端脹,但遠端無腸氣
可能是obstruction或
pseudo-obstruction
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
Volvulus
乙狀結腸volvulus
會有coffee bean sign
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
Volvulus
直腸 volvulus
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
腸壁發炎
腸壁變厚,形成
thumbprinting sign
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
腸壁發炎
Lead pipe colon
長期ulcerative colitis
造成haustrum消失
Air – 異常的 bowel gas
腸壁發炎
Toxic megacolon
可以看到很多腸壁發炎腫脹
形成pseudo-polyps
Bone – 腹部可看到的 bone
Rib
L spine
沒有rib相接
sacrum
Iliac bone
Femur head
Bone – 腹部可看到的異常
骨折 髖關節腔狹窄
脊椎退化 蝕骨性變化
成骨性變化
Bone – 腹部可看到的異常
退化性骨刺
髖關節腔狹窄
骨折
Bone – 腹部可看到的異常
蝕骨性變化
有些骨轉移會有蝕骨性變化,
如本片的左側femur head
Bone – 腹部可看到的異常
成骨性變化
有些骨轉移會有成骨性變化,
本片為攝護腺髖骨轉移
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
腎結石 膽結石
淋巴結鈣化 糞石
腎上腺鈣化
血管鈣化 慢性胰臟炎
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
腎結石
90%腎結石在腹部X光中可
見。尿酸結石則看不到。
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
腎結石
較小的結石會
卡在輸尿管中
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
膽結石
在右上腹,只有10-15%
膽結石可以被看見
淋巴結鈣化
位置有時候需要與腎
結石做鑑別
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
糞石
在Right iliac fossa中,與
闌尾炎有高度相關性
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
血管鈣化
在腹部X光中看到血管鈣化,
代表嚴重的動脈硬化
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
慢性胰臟炎
在腹部X光中看到胰臟的鈣
化,暗示有慢性胰臟炎
Calcification – 腹部的異常鈣化點
腎上腺鈣化
在腎臟上方,呈現三角形的鈣化
多與之前出血或TB感染有關
Density – 腹部正常軟組織
Liver
spleen
Kidney
bladder
Psoas muscle
Density – 腹部異常軟組織
肝臟腫大 脾臟腫大
腎臟擴大 腹水
骨盆腔腫塊
Density – 腹部異常軟組織
肝臟腫大
可以看到腸子被
推開
Density – 腹部異常軟組織
脾臟腫大
可以看到腸子被
推開
Density – 腹部異常軟組織
腎臟腫大
腎臟在後腹腔,不
會影響腸子空間
Density – 腹部異常軟組織
腹水
KUB,腸氣飄在中央,後
面是不透光的腹水
Density – 腹部異常軟組織
骨盆腔腫塊
可以看到腸子
被向上推開
Summary
Air
Perforation、小腸阻塞、大腸阻塞、volvulus、腸壁發炎
Bone
骨折、髖關節腔狹窄、脊椎退化、蝕骨性變化、成骨性變化
Calcification
腎結石、膽結石、淋巴結鈣化、糞石、血管鈣化
慢性胰臟炎、腎上腺鈣化
Soft tissue Density
肝臟腫大、脾臟腫大、腎臟擴大、腹水、骨盆腔腫塊
參考資料
Radiology Masterclass
https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/
Radiopaedia
https://radiopaedia.org/?lang=us

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如何初步判讀腹部X光