every good material

1. OPEN ACCESS INTIATIVES
AND PUBLICATIONS

2. WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS
• Open Access refers to the practice of providing free, unrestricted online access to
scholarly research articles, publications, and other forms of academic literature.
• This means :
– anyone, anywhere can access, read, download, copy, distribute, and reuse these
– without any financial, legal, or technical barriers.

3. MEANING OF OPEN ACCESS (OA)
• Open Access is simply the free online availability of digital contents, scholarly
journal articles, research results which authors publish without expectation of
payment and is based on an ethical argument that research funded by the public
should be available to the public.
• OA operates within the legal framework and own the original copyrights to for their
work.
• Authors can transfer the rights to publishers to post the work on the web or else can
retain the rights to post their work on the archives

4. DEFINITIONS
• The Budapest Open Access Initiative defines open access as follows:
"By open access to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet,
permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the
full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software,
or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.
The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in
this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and
the right to be properly acknowledged and cited."

5. MORE DEFINTIIONS…
• Bjork (2004) defines OA as that a reader of a scientific publication can read it over the
internet, print it out and even further distribute it for non-commercial purposes
without any payments or restrictions.
• According to Springer - At it’s most fundamental Open Access is when publications
are freely availble online to all at no cost and with limited restrictions with regards
reuse. The unrestricted distribution of research is especially important for authors (as
their work gets seen by more people), readers (as they can access and build on the
most recent work in the field) and funders (as the work they fund has broader impact
by being able to reach a wider audience).
• .

6. FUNDAMENTAL PREMISE ARGUING
FOR OPEN ACCESS AND WHY OA
• Free flow of information is a basic principle for bridging knowledge gaps between
info rich and info poor community
• Universal access to information and knowledge
• Increasing cost of materials versus lack of financial resources
• Cuts through the Digital Divide
• Digital Inclusion of the under privileged
• Quality research
• More visibility of research
• Social inclusion and economic empowerment

7. ADVANTAGES
• Open access literature is digital, free of charge and free of copyright ;
• OA is compatible with copyright, peer review, revenue, print, preservation, prestige,
career advancement, indexing and supportive services associated with conventional
scholarly literature;
• OA campaign focuses on the literature that authors give to the world without
expectation of payment;
• OA is compatible with peer review and all the major AO initiatives for scientific &
scholarly literature insist on its importance.

8. THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT OPEN
ACCESS
• Terminologies related with OA - Free Access, Get Access etc.
• Publishing OA and Access to OA
• Development of OA and Initiatives for OA
• OA in India
• OA for Legal Resources
• OA at NUALS

9. OPEN ACCESS, FREE ACCESS, GET
ACCESS
• Open Access and Free Access are two different concepts that are often used
interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings:
• Open Access refers to content that is freely available online, without cost or other
restrictions, and with few or no restrictions on use or distribution.
• Open Access content is typically published under a Creative Commons or similar
license, which allows users to read, download, copy, distribute, and use the content for
non-commercial purposes, as long as they attribute the original source. Open Access is
often associated with scholarly publishing, but it can apply to other types of content as
well.

10. FREE ACCESS
• Free Access, refers to content that is available online at no cost to the user. Free Access content may
have restrictions on use or distribution, such as requiring permission from the copyright holder or
prohibiting commercial use. Free Access content may also be available for a limited time, or may only
be available to certain users or in certain formats. Free Access content may or may not be published
under an Open Access license.
• A free access article is an article in a subscription journal which is available for non-subscribers to
read. Unlike open access articles, which are permanently available, a free access article may only be
only be freely available for a set period of time.
• In other words, all Open Access content is Free Access, but not all Free Access content is Open Access.
Open Access content is always free to access, but it also provides users with additional rights to use
and distribute the content, beyond simply reading it online. Free Access content may be free to access,
but it may not allow users to do anything else with the content beyond reading it online.

11. OPEN ACCESS AND FREE ACCESS
•Open access is a step ahead of “Free Access”
which removes just the price barriers by
providing free access to end users.
•Under OA, the end user not only has free
access to the content but also have the right
to further distribute the content.

12. AVAILABILITY OF OPEN ACCESS
• Open Access Resources are available in various forms and types such as e- journals, e-
books, Electronic Theses & Dissertations, Directories, e-print archives, digital
repositories, open education resources, search engines and blogs etc.

14. THERE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS OF
PUBLISHING OPEN ACCESS:
• The golden route:
• 1) Full Open Access journals: publication via publisher platforms, in full open access journals. This
route may involve a charge. The publication costs, known as ‘article processing charges’ (APCs), are
covered by authors or by their institutions. Most research funders support open access and are willing
to cover the costs themselves. A list of fully open access journals that are accessible worldwide can be
found on the DOAJ website
• 2) Hybrid Journals: publication via ‘hybrid’ journals. These journals are subscription journals that allow
open access publication of individual articles on payment of an Article Processing Charge (APC).
• The green route: the full text of academic publications is deposited in a trusted repository, a publicly
accessible database managed by a research organisation.
• The diamond route: publication via diamond journals/platforms that do not charge author-facing
publication fees (APCs). Diamond open access journals are usually funded via library subsidy models,
institutions or societies.

15. GREEN OPEN ACCESS
• Green open access – also known as self-archiving –refers to articles that are made
available in a repository, such as an institutional repository, subject repository, or
preprint server, after a certain embargo period following publication.
• Enable you to post an earlier version of your manuscript in repositories and online. This
enables you to share your article without having to pay an APC.
• This form of Open Access usually requires permission from the publisher and/or
copyright owner.
• It is sometimes understood to refer also to making such works available on the
author’s personal website. Self-archiving can take place at the same time as the
publication of the content by the publisher or at a later date, and is possible for
preprints and post-prints of scholarly articles, as well as for other document types, for
example, monographs, research reports, and conference proceedings.
• → Open access → Repository → Preprint → Postprint → Self-archiving

16. OTHER TYPES
• Many open access journals function without → article processing charges (APCs) –
that is, no costs arise for authors, but rather the journal is financed from institutional
funds, by funding agencies or, for example, by library consortia in which various
libraries come together. This model, which is also known as platinum open access or
diamond open access, is a variant of → gold open access. → open access

18. PUBLISHING UNDER OA
• Open Access content is typically published under a Creative Commons or similar
license, which allows users to read, download, copy, distribute, and use the content for
non-commercial purposes, as long as they attribute the original source.
• Creative Common License:
– A Creative Commons license is a way to give permission for reuse in advance. They are
commonly used in OA publishing.

19. • There are also gradual intermediate positions between gold and green open access.
• For example, the social science repository Social Science Research Network
(SSRN) allows authors both to make their already published journal articles available
in open access and to post and share the preprint versions of their manuscripts and
submit them to SSRN partner journals.

20. ARE THERE ANY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
OA AND SUBSCRIPTION PUBLICATIONS?
• The short answer is no, apart from the business model. OA journals are subject to the
same peer review, production and publishing standards that apply for journals
published under the subscription-based model, so there is no question about the
quality and reliability of the work.
• OA journals are tracked for impact factors just as subscription-based journals and are
deposited into bibliographic databases and any full text repositories without any
embargo period.
• Authors can also deposit the final version of their OA articles in any institutional
repository immediately upon publication. OA journals can also be members
of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) and other standards and affiliations just like
subscription titles

21. PREDATORY PUBLISHERS
• Predatory publishers trick authors into believing that they are legitimate publishers
that offer the peer review scientists expect in their scholarly journals. These predatory
publishers exploit the open access (OA) publishing model to make money from author
fees by accepting most or all papers submitted to them.
• In recent years there has been an increase in the number of predatory journals. These
are publications that do not uphold the standards of peer review that are usually
expected of reputable journals.

22. WHY IS THIS A PROBLEM?
• Predatory publishers produce low-quality journals with potentially unvetted, sloppy, or
fraudulent articles. Readers of these journals may not recognize the poor quality of the
articles. While experienced researchers are likely able to distinguish the authentic
science from "junk science," laypersons and students may not recognize the
difference. Conclusions and results from poor quality articles are sometimes picked up
by mainstream media and represented as fact. This results in unproven theories and
myths incorrectly being viewed as fact.
• Busy researchers may be fooled by a predatory publisher and mistakenly submit their
paper to a low-quality, predatory journal. Authors who publish in predatory journals
may find that their papers will be less valued by the scientific community and as a
result, less impactful. Additionally, the author fees to publish in predatory journals are
steep and will result in poor value for the money spent.

23. THINK CHECK SUBMIT
Journals • Think. Check. Submit. (thinkchecksubmit.org)
• The Think, Check, Submit campaign provides further information on what to look out for
when assessing a journal.
You should check that:
• You recognise the journal. Have you come across the title in your reading of the subject
are? Do your colleagues know the title and have submitted there?
• You can easily see who published the title and can contact them via email and telephone.
Do they clearly state where their offices are based?
• The journal is indexed in databases that you regularly use to find papers.
• The journal is a member of standard and affiliations
• You recognise members of the editorial board or recently published authors
• They make the peer review policy of the journal clear
• Any charges or costs are clearly displayed on the journal site

25. • (New) List of Predatory Journals - 2023 » Open access journals (openacessjournal.com)
• OpenAbstract - share your work

26. CREATIVE COMMON LICENCES
Creative Commons licences
• The non-profit organisation Creative Commons has made several copyright licences,
known as Creative Commons licences, freely available to the public for use.
• The licences are widely used and easily understandable. They offer a high degree of
flexibility by virtue of the fact that they can be assembled from four combinable
licence elements:
• BY – Attribution: The name of the creator must be provided and where technically
possible a link to the original material and the CC license.
• ND – No Derivatives: The work may be modified, but the modified version may not be
distributed.
• SA – Share Alike: The work may be modified, but the modified version may be
distributed only under the same licence as the original.
• NC –Non-Commercial: The material may be used only for non-commercial purposes.

27. EXAMPLES OF ACCESSING OPEN
ACCESS
• Open Access Resources (iitgn.ac.in)
• Electronic Resources | Central Library IIT Kharagpur (iitkgp.ac.in)
• Directory of Open Access Journals – DOAJ
• Online Library and Publication Platform | Directory of Open Access Books
(doabooks.org)

28. • CommonLII – : About CommonLII
• What is CommonLII?
• The Commonwealth Legal Information Institute (CommonLII) aims to provide one
central Internet location from which it is possible to search - for free - core legal
information from all Commonwealth countries. CommonLII will provide a common
technical platform through which all Commonwealth countries can cooperatively
provide access to their laws.
• Through the development of CommonLII and the assistance of the Free Access to Law
Movement developing countries in the Commonwealth will obtain assistance to create
national sustainable free access to law. The Australasian Legal Information
Institute (AustLII) is leading the CommonLII initiative.

29. INITIATIVES ON OA
• OA was initiated in the developed countries and later many developing countries including India have joined
the effort.
• The United Nations – backed world summit on the Information Society (WSIS) strongly supported open
access to information and Knowledge. Thus confirms that number countries of the United Nations will take
appropriate strategic decisions to bring scholarly literature, produced from public fund research initiatives or
state-supported researchers, under the umbrella of open Access.
• ARIIC Open Access Statement (Australian Research Information Infrastructure Committee)
[www.caul.edu.au/scholcomm/OpenAccessARIICstatement.doc]
• Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities [http://
oa.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html]
• Bethesda Statement on Open Access [www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm]
• Budapest Open Access Initiative Statement [www.soros.org/openaccess/]
• IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation
• NKC Statements on Open Access (National Knowledge Commission, India) [http://
knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/documents/wg_lib.pdf & http://
knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/documents/wg_open_course.pdf]
• OECD Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding

30. BUDAPEST OA INITIATIVE
The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) is a coalition of international scholars and
scientists. In a Declaration published in 2002, the initiative called for free and
unrestricted access to, and reusability of, scholarly literature in all academic fields.

31. TOP FIVE OA JOURNAL PUBLISHING
COUNTRIES

32. INITIATIVES IN INDIA -
• India has spearheaded the 0pen access movement in developing countries since the
last decade upscaling print based scholarly journals into open access electronic
journals and establishing a number of open access repositories, both at national and
institutional levels embracing free end open source software (FOSS).
• The NKC’s Working Group on Open Access and Open Educational Resources and
Working Group on Libraries have strongly recommended open access to public-
funded research literature and supported establishment of open courseware
repositories for countrywide dissemination of quality courseware to many cross-
sections of people.

33. IMPORTANT OA REPOSITORIES IN
INDIA

35. INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (IAS):
• The Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS) is a scientific academy funded by the
Government of India. It was established in 1934 and publishes 11 journals.
• All journals are open access and full-text literature is available as PDF files on each
journal’s website.
• All of the articles in current issues of these journals are born-digital.
• The articles of back volumes, which were not born-digital, have been digitized through
a government-supported project.
• IAS has already archived all articles of journals from the first volume. From 2007
onwards, IAS journals are also available through Springer Link, a subscription-based
gateway of electronic journals. Table 2 provides a list of IAS published open access
journal titles

36. INFLIBNET
• An Inter-University Centre of UGC that serves towards modernization of libraries
through a National Network of Libraries in around 264 Universities, Colleges and R &D
Institutions across the country created OAI repository Dspace@INFLIBNET for its post
prints, preprints, new clippings, CALIBER and PLANNER full text proceedings, training
material and other scholarly publications. Repository of INFLIBNET annual reports and
IRTPLA (Inflibnet Regional Training Programme on Library Automation) course material
is also maintained.

37. OPEN ACCESS INITAITIVES IN LAW
INSTITUTES
• Journals - National Law School of India University (nls.ac.in)
• Open Access Resources – NALSAR University of Law | Library | eLibrary
• Free e Journals & e Books - ILS Law College
• Open Access (ignca.gov.in)

38. CAMBRIDGEINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
LAW IN CONTEXT | OPEN ACCESS
ARTICLES | CAMBRIDGE CORE
• International Journal of Law in Context | Open access articles | Cambridge Core

39. • S1744552323000022jra 1..19 (cambridge.org)

40. INDIAOPEN ACCESS RESOURCES |
DELHI JUDICIAL ACADEMY
• Open Access Resources | Delhi Judicial Academy

41. NUALS OPEN ACCESS
• NUALS LIBRARY

42. NUALS

43. NUALS EDITORIAL POLICY

44. THANK YOU