Thane C. Heins Ottawa ON thaneh@potentialdifference.ca 613.293.1131

1. ReGen-X Concentric Multi-Function Tricoil
Intellectual Property Presentation
To: Smart & Biggar
By: Potential +/- Difference Inc.
April 25, 2021
Preface:
This document explains the integration of the ReGenX Generator Coil, ReGen-X Motor Coil, ReGen-
X Quantum Motor Coil and conventional motor/generator coil into a single Multi-Function Tricoil IP.
Background:
All conventional motor/generator coils in use today in electric vehicles (EVs) have only two
functions.
The first is Motor Operation where the motor coil receives electric input power from the EV's
batteries and converts it into Mechanical Output Power which accelerates the EV. Positive Work is
performed by the motor coil, the EV is accelerated and its Kinetic Energy is increased.
The second is Generator Operation where the generator coil receives Mechanical Input Power from
the stored Kinetic Energy of the EV and converts it to electric energy which is stored chemically in
the batteries.
Negative Work is performed by the generator coil (a Counter Electromagnetic Torque is produced)
and the EV is decelerated during regenerative braking where the Kinetic Energy of the EV is
reduced.
The ReGenX Multi-Function Tricoil Intellectual Property includes the same operations of the
conventional motor/generator coils but it adds six new operations including:
• EV Regenerative Acceleration Generator operation, where Positive Work is performed the
EV is accelerated, the EV's Kinetic Energy is increased while the EV's batteries are being
recharged. The more power delivered to the EV's batteries the more the EV is accelerated.
• EV Regenerative Acceleration Motor operation, where Positive Work is performed, the EV is
accelerated and its Kinetic Energy is increased while the EV's batteries are being
recharged.
• ReGen-X Quantum Motor operation, where Positive Work is performed, the EV is
accelerated and its Kinetic Energy is increased but zero input energy is required from the
EV's batteries.

2. Counter Electromagnetic Torque Production in Electric Generator Coils
All electric generator coils in use today produce a Counter Electromagnetic Torque when current
flows in the coil windings and when generating electric output power.
This activity is formalized in a law of physics called Lenz's Law which is an Electromechanical
version of Newton's Third Law, “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
This Counter-Torque performs Negative Work and it actively opposes the turning action of
whatever is initially rotating the generator such as an EV's Kinetic Energy, wind turbine blades,
gas engine etc. The Counter-Torque always reduces the Kinetic Energy of the system.
In electric power generation, the Counter-Torque and Negative Work performed by the generator
necessitates an increase in mechanical input power to be supplied to the generator by the prime
mover.
100% of all the air pollution and C02 produced during fossil-fuel power generation is due to the
Counter Electromagnetic Torque created inside the generator.
In electric vehicle operation, the Counter-Torque produced by the generator works in opposition to
the torque supplied by the EV's driveshaft and the Kinetic Energy of the EV is reduced when the
batteries are being recharged. This activity is colloquially referred to as regenerative braking. EV
regenerative braking is actually regenerative Negative Motor Action where the generator is also
operating as a motor and performing Negative Work (aka Motor Action in a Generator).
Where does the energy come from in order to produce the Counter Torque and to
perform the Negative Work (Kinetic Energy reduction) inside the generator?
When an electron spins and rotates around the nucleus of an atom inside the Subatomic structure
of a current bearing wire it creates Electromagnetic Field Energy.
When an Electromotive Force (Voltage) is applied to the conductor, electric current flows in the
closed circuit.
Electric current is the migration of electrons down
the current carrying conductor and the externalization
of the created Electromagnetic Field energy around the
conductor.
This created and externalized Electromagnetic Field Energy
performs Positive Work in all electric motors and
Negative Work in all conventional electric generators.
The Work-Energy Principle defines Positive Work when the Kinetic Energy of the system is
increased. Negative Work is defined when the Kinetic Energy of the system is decreased. In both
cases the Electromagnetic Field Energy required to perform the work is created at the subatomic
electron level.
Figure 1.0 Motor Action in a Generator
• Counter Electromagnetic Torque,
• Negative Work,
• EV Regenerative Braking,
• Generator Armature Reaction,
• Lenz's Law (Newton's Third Law)

3. Complementary Electromagnetic Torque Production in ReGenX Generator Coils
The US patented ReGenX electric generator coils delay the timing of the current flow in the
generator coil and as result the ReGenX Generator coil produces a Complementary
Electromagnetic Torque (Positive Work, system acceleration) when generating electric output
power.
Generator and improved coil therefor having electrodynamic properties
US Patent number: 10103591
This Complementary-Torque performs Positive Work and it assists whatever is initially rotating the
generator such as an EV's Kinetic Energy, wind turbine blades, gas engine etc. The
Complementary-Torque always increases the Kinetic Energy of the system.
In electric power generation, the Complementary-Torque and Positive Work performed by the
ReGenX Generator necessitates a decrease in mechanical input power to be supplied to the
generator by the prime mover when the generator is placed on-load and is delivering electric
output power to a load.
100% of all the air pollution and C02 produced during fossil power generation can be eliminated
when employing ReGenX Generators due to the Complementary Electromagnetic Torque created
inside the ReGenX Generator and the total elimination of all prime mover supplied on-load
mechanical input power and on-load fuel consumption.
In electric vehicle operation, the Complementary-Torque produced by the ReGenX Generator
works in concert with the torque supplied by the EV's driveshaft and the Kinetic Energy of the EV
is increased when the batteries are being recharged.
This activity is referred to as Regenerative Acceleration, regenerative Positive Motor Action where
the generator is also operating as a motor and performing Positive Work increasing the Kinetic
Energy of the EV. (*Note, EV regenerative braking is Negative Motor Action & Negative Work)
Where does the energy come from in order to produce the Complementary
Electromagnetic Torque and to perform the Positive Work (Kinetic Energy increase)
inside the generator?
The energy is exactly the same in the conventional generator and the ReGenX Generator but the
timing of its externalization around the coil is different. The ReGenX Generator operates with a
Load Current Delay which delays the timing of the current flow in the coil.
This Load Current Time Delay also delays the migration of electrons in the time domain and it also
delays the timing of the externalization of the created Subatomic Electromagnetic Field Energy
around the generator coil such that the nature of the work performed by the electromagnetic
energy is Positive rather than Negative.
Once again, the Work-Energy Principle defines Positive Work when the Kinetic Energy of the
system is increased. Negative Work is defined when the Kinetic Energy of the system is
decreased.
Figure 2.0 Motor Action in a ReGenX Generator
• Complementary Electromagnetic Torque,
• Positive Work,
• EV Regenerative Acceleration,
• Generator Armature Creation,
• Heins' Law

4. What physically and operationally differentiates a conventional generator coil and a
ReGenX Generator coil such that a Complementary Electromagnetic Torque (Positive
Work, system acceleration) can now be performed when a Counter Electromagnetic
Torque (Negative Work, system deceleration) has always existed for the past 200 years
and is the basis for all our accepted laws of physics?
When electric current flows in a conventional generator coil, energy is created at the Subatomic
Electron level and this energy is stored in the Electromagnetic Field around the coil.
This created Electromagnetic Field Energy produces a
Counter Electromagnetic Torque and performs
Negative Work in all conventional electric generators.
Figure 3.0 Externalized Electromagnetic
B Field Energy around Conventional
Generator Coil and the Negative Work
performed
The induced B field produced around the coil
(externalized Electromagnetic Field Energy)
North Pole resists (performs Negative Work)
on the approaching magnet (North Pole) and
reduces its Kinetic Energy.
Effects of reducing the Frequency of Operation to below the Critical Minimum Frequency
of the ReGenX Coil.
When the Frequency of Operation of the ReGenX Coil is reduced to below its Critical Minimum
Frequency, the coil operates as a conventional generator coil; the Load Current Time Delay is
removed, the induced B Field performs Negative Work, a Counter-Torque is produced and the
Kinetic Energy of the approaching magnet is reduced.
The created Electromagnetic Field Energy produces a Complementary Electromagnetic Torque and
Positive Work is performed in the ReGenX Generator when the timing of the current flow in the coil
is delayed in the time domain due to the ReGenX Generator coil's increased frequency of
operation.
Figure 4.0 Time Delayed and Externalized
Electromagnetic B Field Energy around
ReGenX Generator Coil and the Positive
Work performed
The time delayed induced B field produced
around the ReGenX Coil (externalized
Electromagnetic Field Energy) South Pole
assists (performs Positive Work) on the
approaching magnet North Pole and
increases its Kinetic Energy.

5. What happens above the Critical Minimum Frequency of operation in the ReGenX
Generator Coil that delays the timing of the current flow and the timing of the
Externalization of the B Field (Electromagnetic Field Energy) required to produce
Positive Work?
Figure 5.0 Equivalent Circuit of an Inductor
An inductor has DC Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance. At low frequency levels the
capacitance of the coil is negligible.
When the frequency of operation of the coil is increased as it is with the ReGenX Generator coil
the Capacitive Reactance decreases while the Inductive Reactance increases.
As frequency of operation increases the current flow in the inductive circuit decreases and the
current flow in the capacitive circuit increases.
Above the Critical Minimum Frequency of operation for the ReGenX Coil the coil ceases to store
energy in the Electromagnetic Field around the coil because the increased Impedance of the
inductor chokes the current flow. The ReGenX Generator coil temporarily stores energy
Capacitively in the Electrostatic Field between the windings of the coil.
Above the Critical Minimum Frequency of operation the ReGenX Coil operates as a Multi-Plate
Parallel Capacitor where the windings are the plates and the air between the windings is the
dialectic.
The ReGenX Generator coil performs Positive Work with a Complementary Electromagnetic Torque
and system Kinetic Energy increase.
When the ReGenX Generator coil is operated below the Critical Minimum Frequency of operation
the ReGenX Coil operates as an normal inductor and it performs Negative Work with a Counter
Electromagnetic Torque and system Kinetic Energy reduction because the Impedance of the coil is
low enough to allow current to flow undelayed.
Figure 6.0 Multi-Parallel Plate Capacitor

6. ReGen-X Quantum Motor
The ReGen-X Quantum Motor is the world's first electric motor that produces Positive Mechanical
Work as an output but requires zero electric input energy when doing so.
The energy source for the ReGen-X Quantum Motor is exactly the same as the conventional
motor/generator and the ReGenX Generator which all perform both Positive and Negative Work
depending on their configurations and the timing of the current flow in the coils.
The energy source for the ReGenX Quantum Motor is also Electromagnetic Field Energy which is
created at the Subatomic Electron level.
The ReGen-X Quantum Motor coil operates with the maximum possible current flow and it
produces the maximum possible Positive Work.
Figure 7.0 ReGenX Multi-Function Tricoil

7. ReGen-X EV Regenerative Acceleration Traction (Stepper) Motor
Flyback mode process harnessing generator action in electric motor
US Patent number: 10291162
All electric motors in use today receive electric input power and they produce mechanical output
power (Positive Work, increased system Kinetic Energy).
The electric input energy or Electromotive Force (Voltage) is required to cause the electrons in the
motor coil to migrate and for the electrons' Electromagnetic Field Energy to become externalized
around the motor coil in order to perform Positive Work increasing the Kinetic Energy of the
system.
After the motor's rotor magnetic field has been influenced to move beyond a certain point the
current to the coil is cut off. The externalized Electromagnetic Field Energy which has been
created around the coil is dissipated into free space.
The current supplied to the motor coil changes direction in order to positively influence the next
rotor magnetic field which has an opposite magnetic polarity and the method of dissipation of
created and externalized Electromagnetic Field Energy is repeated.
The ReGen-X Motor employs a novel motor control circuit which allows the created and
externalized Electromagnetic Field Energy to collapse back into the motor coil in concert with
ReGenX Generator action such that the ReGenX Motor outputs mechanical power and electric
power as well
Figure 8.0 Time Constant Rise
and Decay Time Constants
(Current and Electromagnetic
B Field Externalization Rise
and Decay Time Constants)
When a voltage is applied to a
motor coil (inductor), current begins
to flow in the coil and the
Electromagnetic Field Energy
is gradually externalized
around the coil.
It takes 5 Time Constants for the
current flow and the Electromagnetic
Field Energy to reach their maximum
levels.
When the voltage is removed, it takes another 5 Time Constants for the current and externalized
Electromagnetic Field Energy to decay back down to zero.
Conventional electric motor designs dissipate this externalized Electromagnetic Field Energy and
the ReGen-X Stepper Motor returns it to the EV's batteries and provides EV Regenerative
Acceleration Motor Action.

8. RELEVANT VIDEO TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONS:
1) Intellectual Property Presentation to Smart and Biggar:
https://youtu.be/SN5ZtFk8FBg
8 Function Concentric ReGen-X Motor Generator Coil
Conventional Motor/Generator performance.
ReGenX Generator Performance
ReGen-X Motor Performance
ReGen-X Quantum Motor Performance
Flux Harvesting
EV regenerative braking
EV Regenerative Acceleration
Cogging Torque Elimination
2) ReGen-X Quantum Motor and ReGenX Generator: https://youtu.be/bk4uuh8GFqo
Zero energy input Quantum Motor and zero mechanical
input ReGenX Generator innovations.
3) Where does the Energy Come From for the ReGen-X Quantum Motor to produce
Mechanical Output Power and to perform Positive Work without Electrical Input Power?
PART 1 The Nature of Sub-Atomic Quantum
Photon Energy Creation & Externalization around
a Wire: https://youtu.be/OcBzJWgoAUo
Part 2 The Nature of Sub-Atomic Quantum Photon
Energy Creation & Externalization around a Wire:
https://youtu.be/2rSPzEC4Vd8

9. 4) What is Generator Armature Reaction, EV Regenerative "Braking," Motor Action in a
Generator? https://youtu.be/8mWaasFN-_8
Negative Work, system deceleration, Kinetic Energy
reduction, Counter Electromagnetic Torque, EV
regenerative braking; performed by Electromagnetic
Field Energy which is created at the subatomic
electron level.
5) How to Reverse Generator Armature Reaction, EV Regenerative Braking by
introducing a Load Current Delay in the generator coil:
https://youtu.be/SJmrIPzMBxU
Positive Work,
system acceleration,
Kinetic Energy increase,
Complementary Electromagnetic Torque,
EV Regenerative Acceleration:
performed by created Electromagnetic
Field Energy delayed in the Time Domain.
6) How does Frequency of Operation influence the type of work performed by the
ReGenX Generator Coil I.E. Positive Work or Negative Work?
https://youtu.be/ZpTldXmYEko
Critical Minimum Frequency of Operation explained
– Positive and/or Negative Work performed.

10. 7) ReGen-X EV Stepper Traction Motor Regenerative Acceleration:
https://youtu.be/1LFGBqnR6tE
Electric motor speed control with electric power generation
EV Regenerative Acceleration, Electromagnetic Field Energy collection.
8) ReGenX ebike Integration (13.6 Amps, 217.6 Watts) Recharge Current with EV
Regenerative Acceleration: https://youtu.be/UvulIbYCxZk
Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration above 30 km/hr and regenerative braking below 30
km/hr.
Thane C. Heins
President and CEO, Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Potential +/- Difference Inc. - Pioneering Electric Vehicle Regenerative Acceleration Technology
& Charging Ahead...
"Nothing is too wonderful to be true"
~ Michael Faraday
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic."
~ Clarke's Third Law
"You never change things by fighting the existing reality.
To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete."
~ Buckminster Fuller
“Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower”
~ Steve Jobs

11. ADDENDUM
Lenz's Law of Induction:
Heins' Law of Induction: