1. Thallapaka Mahendra Reddy

3. contents
• Introduction
• Architecture of the integrated system of rapid product
development
• Reverse Engineering
• The Work flow and function design
• Case study
• Conclusion
• References

4. Introduction
• Today manufacturing industries are evolving
towards digitalization, network and
globalization.
• It is fact that the use of computers in design
and manufacturing constitutes the most
significant part in productivity gain in industry.

5. • In order to meet the demand of rapid product
development, various new technologies such
as reverse engineering (RE), rapid prototyping
(RP), and rapid tooling (RT) have developed
and are regarded as tools with abilities to
shorten the product development and
manufacturing time.

6. • However, these equipments are too expensive
for the small and medium sized enterprises
(SMEs), and many techniques such as 3D CAD
solid modelling, RP process planning, free-form
surfaces reconstruction, etc., require the
high skilled personnel to complete.

7. • Therefore, it is difficult for the SMEs to take full
advantage of these technologies in the product
development process. In order to offer the
support of rapid product development for
numerous SMEs, many RP service bureaus (SBs)
which manufacture physical prototype and rapid
tooling have been established.

8. Architecture of the integrated system
of rapid product development
• The development process from initial
conceptual design to commercial product is an
iterative process which includes: product
design; analysis of performance, safety and
reliability; product prototyping for
experimental evaluation; and design
modification.

9. • The integrated system of rapid product
development is composed of three modules:
digital prototype, physical prototype and rapid
tooling and functional part manufacturing
system.

10. • The product development starts from the
creation of a 3D model using a 3D CAD
software package. The product and its
components are directly designed on a 3D
CAD system (e.g. Pro/Engineer, Unigraphics,
CATIA,IDEAS, etc.) during the creative design
process. If a physical part is available, the
model can be constructed by the reverse
engineering (RE) technique.

11. Reverse Engineering:
• The three primary steps in RE process are part
digitization,features extraction, and 3D CAD
modelling. Part digitization is accomplished by
a variety of contact or non-contact digitizers.
There are various commercial systems
available for part digitization. These systems
range from coordinate measuring machine
(CMM), laser scanners to ultrasonic digitizers.

12. • Laser triangulation scanner (LTS),magnetic
resonance images (MRI), and computer
tomography (CT) are commonly used non-contact
devices. Contact digitizers mainly have CMM and
cross-sectional imaging measurement (CIM).
Feature extraction is normally achieved by
segmenting the digitized data and capturing
surface features such as edges. Part modelling is
fulfilled through fitting a variety of surface to the
segmented data points.

13. • The CAD model can be directly converted to the
physical prototype using a RP technique. RP is a
new forming process which fabricates physical
parts layer by layer under computer control
directly from 3D CAD models in a very short time.
In contrast to traditional machining methods, the
majority of rapid prototyping systems tend to
fabricate parts based on additive manufacturing
process, rather than subtraction or removal of
material.

14. • The RP methods commercially available
include Stereolithgraphy (SL), Selective Laser
Sintering(SLS), Fused Deposition
Manufacturing (FDM),Laminated Object
Manufacturing (LOM), Ballistic Particle
Manufacturing (BMP), and Three Dimensional
Printing (3D printing).

15. • RT is a technique that transforms the RP
patterns into functional parts, especially metal
parts.
• The RT methods can generally be divided into
direct and indirect tooling categories, and also
soft (firm) and hard tooling subgroups.

16. The workflow and function design
• The first step is to log in to the website of SB.
Users have to enter their names and
passwords. Those without registration or
authorization can also enter into the system,
but they are limited to viewing the
information that is open to the public such as
typical cases in this system.

17. • According to authentication for the system, all
users are to be divided into four categories:
general users (without registration), potential
clients, real clients, and system administrator.
Received job requests from clients, the SB will
perform firstly process planning which fulfills
the task decomposition and selects the most
suitable process methods.

18. • The SB will negotiate further with users by
Video-conferencing system. Once the deal is
over, a contract is to be confirmed, and the
user becomes a real client. However, if the SB
has no such manufacturing capabilities or can
not accomplish then in time, it is an effective
way that the SB takes full advantage of
external sources to carry out the remaining
tasks.

19. Function modules of networked service
system
The service system consists of nine functional
modules: the technique research, typical
cases, information consultation, ASP
(application service provider) tool set, client
management, Electronic commerce,
manufacturing service ,collaborative tools and
system navigation. Its detailed structure is
shown in Fig.

20. These nine components work together to achieve the
common objectives, i.e. to provide an effective and prompt
service platform to support the rapid product development of
SMEs.

21. Case study
• To illustrate exactly how the service system works and the
benefits it can bring to the users and service bureaus, an
actual example is now presented.
• Let us assume that a company was working on a new design
of the curing coryza apparatus for which a number of physical
models would be required.
• The task requirement and relevant resources were submitted
to SB by the job management module of the service system.
• After receiving the job requirement, the system would firstly
perform the process planning by which the job was to be
decomposed into the 3D CAD modelling and making
prototype.

22. 3D CAD models submitted by Shaanxi Productivity
Promotion Center

23. Mock-ups fabricated by Chongqi Productivity
Promotion Center.

24. • It is observed that, it can cut the new product
costs by up to 50% and the time to- market by
75%. Consequently, the costs and lead times
are substantially reduced using this service
system to develop new products.

25. Conclusions
• In order to meet the current demand of rapid
product development, a novel integrated system
of rapid product development based on rapid
prototyping is proposed, and a networked service
system which offers better support for the rapid
product development of small and medium sized
enterprises is established.
• It has been shown from a case study that the
system has a high potential to speed up the new
product development.

26. References
• A web-based manufacturing service system for rapid product
development by Hongbo Lana, Yucheng Dinga,*, Jun Honga,
Hailiang Huangb, Bingheng Lua
a State Key Lab for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
b Department of Industrial Engineering and Management,
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China Received 12
March 2003; accepted 23 July 2003
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_prototyping
• http://www.efunda.com/processes/rapid_prototyping/rt.cfm