2. • . The peripheral vestibular system includes
Vestibular end organs
First order neuron VIII CN
3. • VESTIBULAR END ORGAN INCLUDE
3 semicircular canal(sensitive head rotation)
2 otoloth (sensitive to linear acceleration)
4. Semi-circular canal
3 in number-lateral post, superior
Respond to angular acceleration and
deceleration
Right angle to each other
Stimulation of canal produce nystagmus
Horizontal nystagmus –horizontal canal
Rotatory- superior
Vertical -posterior
6. 1.Vestibular neuronitis
• Inflammation of vestibular branch of VIIIth cranial nerve
• Affects balance >> hearing
• Infection often associated with systemic viral infection such as
influenza , EBV, herpes, measles, hepatitis
• Symptoms severe vertigo sudden onset with no cochlear symptoms
• Last for few days to 2 to 3 weeks.
• Tx –antihistaminics , anticholinergics, anti dopaminergic
• Self limiting
7. 2.Labyrinthitis
• Infection of labyrinth
• There are 3 stages
Fistula formation
Serous labryrinthitis
diffuse suppurative labryrinthitis
8. Fistula formation
• Causes –csom ,neoplasm,trauma
• Dx FISTULA TEST
1. pressure on tragus
2. siegle’s speculum
• Mx – antibiotics , mastoid exploration
False negative: cholesteatoma
False positive :congential syphilis,Meniere’s d/s(25%)
Sudden inward pressure is
applied on tragus
Increases pressure in ear
canal stimulates labyrinth
Vertigo , nystagmus
12. 4.Head trauma
• Can be due to:
concussion of labyrinth
Disrupt bony labyrinth
VIII th CN
Disturb vestibular end organ
13. 5.Perilymph fistula
• A perilymph fistula (PLF) is an abnormal connection in one or both of
the oval window and the round window) that separate the air filled
middle ear and the fluid filled perilymphatic space of the inner ear.
• This small opening allows perilymph (fluid) to leak into the middle
ear.
• Causes : 1.stapectomy complication
2. barotrauma
3. raised ICT
14. 6.Syphillis
• Can be seen In patients with any stage .
1. hearing loss ,vertigo, tinnitus
2. Aural pressure
3. Loudness in tolerance
4. Displacusis(inter aural pitch difference
– single auditory stimulus as different
pitch in 2 ears )
5. Neurosyphilis – central type of
vestibular dysfunction )
15. 7.Acoustic neuroma
• Benign encapsulated tumor of VIII th nerve
• Clinical features
• Earliest symptoms
1. Cochleovestibular symptoms(deafness,tinnitus)as tumour arises
from IAC)
2. Tinnitus, Vertigo (COCHLEAR SYMPTOMS)
3. Progressive unilateral SNHL
16. FEATURES DUE TO INVOLVEMENT OF OTHER
STRUCTURES
• CN VII
Hitzelberger’s sign :hypothesia in posterior meatal wall.
Loss of taste in ant 2/3of tongue
Schirmer’s test : reduced lacrimation
Delayed blink reflex
• CN V
Reduced corneal sensitivity
Numbness and parathesia of face
17. • CN IX &X
Dysphagia , hoarseness of face
• Brainstem involvement
Ataxia weakness, numbness of arms and legs
• Cerebellar involvement
• Raised IC T Features
18. MANAGEMENT
• SURGERY
• RADIOTHERAPY
• Conventional radiotherapy
• Gamma knife surgery {source of radiation Cobalt 60 )
• Cyber knife (robotic sx –done by computer controlled robots )
19.
20. References
• Diseases of ear , nose, throat 5 th edition –PL dingra
• Self assessment and review ENT – Sakshi arora