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Hsc biology 3.1: genes, mitosis, cell differentiation and specialisation
- 2. HSC Biology • Module 3: The Search For Better Health 1. What is a healthy organism? Students Learn to: 1. • Outline how the function of genes, mitosis, cell differentiation and specialisation assist in the maintenance of health
- 3. www.genome.gov Gene DNA A short section of DNA Genes
- 4. Thy Phe Asp Ala Gln Glu Cys Gly lle Ala His AsnLeu Ser Cys Val A short section of DNA Genes Function is to code for a polypeptide Polypeptides then become the structure for the functional proteins that carry out important tasks in our body.
- 6. Genes contain the instructions that tell our bodies: What proteins and enzymes to produce When we need to manufacture more cells for the body When our cells need to stop growing 1 2 3 Genes
- 7. The structural and functional proteins inside our bodies are incredibly useful because they’re the body’s workforce Genes
- 8. Functional Proteins Structural Proteins Binds and carries small molecules within our cells and throughout our body Provides support for our connective tissues and can be found in our tendons, ligaments and even in our skin e.g. Collagene.g. Ferritin Genes
- 9. Genes and the Cell Cycle
- 10. www.genome.gov Gene Polypeptides Proteins Control the growth and division of cells
- 11. Why is the cell cycle important? The genes that regulate cell growth and division allow mitosis to occur and ensure that our DNA is copied accurately We need new cells to replace our old or damaged cells
- 12. Incorrect Protein Apoptosis Why is the cell cycle important? We need new cells to replace our old or damaged cells
- 13. Apoptosis Allows the body to remove genetically damaged cells that could cause harm to the body, such as cancer. Also has an integral role in zygote development and maintaining adult tissues
- 14. A form of division that produces identical cells to one another Mitosis
- 15. A form of division that produces identical cells to one another Mitosis If we didn’t have mitosis, we would not be able to regenerate any cells at all, let alone just skin cells, and we would die in a very short amount of time.
- 16. A form of division that produces identical cells to one another Mitosis If we didn’t have mitosis, we would not be able to regenerate any cells at all, let alone just skin cells, and we would die in a very short amount of time.
- 17. Almost all of the cells in our body dies whilst new ones are generated. A form of division that produces identical cells to one another Mitosis Skin Stomach Blood Tongue Fat Pancreas
- 18. Mitosis Some cells have been used too many times and need replacing Why do our cells die?
- 19. Mitosis Some cells have been used too many times and need replacing Why do our cells die?
- 20. Mitosis Some cells have been used too many times and need replacing Why do our cells die? ‘Cells die and will grow again through the process of mitosis.’
- 21. Brain Blood Cell differentiation is a process that occurs after mitosis and involves a cell changing from one type to another. This process usually involves a less-specialised cell type changing into a more specialised cell type that has a specific job to do. Bone Lungs Differentiation & Specialisation
- 22. When we were a just a zygote a long time ago, we didn’t have specialised cells. Zygote Differentiation & Specialisation
- 23. Zygote Bone Lungs Brain Blood Heart Stem Cells
- 25. - Red blood cells: Contains Haemoglobin and carry oxygen to the cells in our body
- 26. - Sperm cells: Function is to fertilise a female egg cell
- 27. - Muscle cells: Allow movement in certain parts of our body
- 28. Differentiation will drastically change a cell’s size, shape, and function. Humans need specialised cells due to the fact that we’re complex multicellular organisms. It’s much more efficient and easier if we had specific cells doing specific things rather than having every cell doing everything. Bone Lungs Brain Blood Heart
- 29. Differentiation will drastically change a cell’s size, shape, and function. If cell differentiation did not occur, our cells would not be able to carry out all 200 different types of specialised functions that our bodies need. Bone Lungs Brain Blood Heart
- 30. A large multinational business has many different people such as sales, marketing, Human resources, delivery man, and graphic designer. To have people who specialises in one role, and let them only concentrate on that one role Best Way
- 31. How does cell differentiation and specialisation occur?
- 32. Gene Regulation All the cells in our body contain the same DNA, but we’re made up of many different types of cells. If we have the same DNA in each cell, then why is a red blood cell different to a liver cell? This answer lies within the cells’ genes, and which genes are switched on and off. Gene DNA
- 33. Gene Regulation It turns off certain genes and turns on others so that each cell is expressed differently despite having the same information. Gene DNA
- 34. Cells that fail to specialise and differentiate can form tumours and cancerous cells Gene Regulation Cells reproduce quickly Fail to mature and specialise Damaged cells
- 35. So in short, just like: 1 2 3
- 36. Important in helping our bodies function properly, and ensuring that our health is sound. So in short, just like: Genes1 2 3 Mitosis Cell differentiation and Specialised cells
- 37. Important in helping our bodies function properly, and ensuring that our health is sound. So in short, just like: Genes1 2 3 Mitosis Cell differentiation and Specialised cells