3. Applied Learning Outcomes
Use the terminology associated with the
musculature system
Learn about the following:
• Different types of muscle cells
• Muscle tissue development
• Gross and fine muscle structure
• Gross muscle function
• Muscle cell physiology
• Muscle types and actions
• Muscle development and growth
Understand the aging and pathology of the
musculature
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
4. Overview
Muscle cells change their shape
by shortening along one or more
planes; this is also called
contraction.
Over half the body’s mass is
composed of muscle tissue, and
over 90% of this muscle tissue is
involved in skeletal movement.
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
5. Muscle
Three types of muscle are found in the human body:
• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Skeletal muscle
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
6. Musculature
Most muscles are
formed of muscle
cells laid out in one
of two patterns:
parallel or pinnate
These two patterns
can be woven into
a variety of gross
muscle shapes
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
7. Musculature
Charts
Review human
musculature,
anterior view
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
8. Musculature
Charts
Review human
musculature,
posterior view
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
9. Wellness and Illness over
the Life Span
• Some aging of the musculature is
due to wear and tear
• Overuse of muscles can cause
damage, which can, in turn,
produce muscle pathology
• Some muscle diseases are
genetic or developmental
• Most disorders of the muscular
system are due to interactions with
the skeletal and nervous systems
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
10. Summary
Muscles cells are contractile and excitable.
Contractile nature allows for movement; excitable
nature permits voluntary or involuntary control.
Skeletal muscle is the most common type of muscle.
They work by shortening, lengthening, or remaining
stationary.
Muscle needs regular activity and proper nutrition to
retain its size and function.
Some aging of the musculature is due to wear and
tear; diet and changes in hormone production can
affect muscle aging. A variety of genetic diseases can
also cause loss of muscle function.
Chapter 6 – The Muscular System
Editor's Notes
Smooth Muscle: Found in the linings of blood vessels and tubular organs; provide the body with weak contractions that can last for long periods of time Cardiac Muscle: The muscle of the heart Skeletal Muscle: Muscle attached to bone; produces body movement Smooth and Cardiac muscle are involuntary – they work without conscious effort Skeletal muscle is voluntary – under conscious control
Parallel – Muscle cells that run in the same direction Pinnate – Muscle cells that run in various directions Gross Muscle Shapes: Deltoid – muscles that have a broad origin and focus to a narrow insertion point (triangular) Trapezius – muscles that have a broad origin and focus to a narrow insertion point (trapezoidal) Rhomboideus – diamond-shaped Serratus – saw-tooth-shaped Biceps – having two origins Triceps – having three origins Quadriceps – having four origins Maximus – largest of a group Minimus – smallest of a group Longis – longest of a group Brevis – shortest of a group
