Cell specialisation

2. If this is the answer…
What is the question?
1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribosomes
4. Prokaryotes
5. Cell membrane
6. 46 chromosomes
7. Cheesecake

3. Recap
Where is DNA stored?
Which organelle is responsible for production
of ATP?
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Which kind of cell has no membrane bound
organelles?
What controls the movement of substances
into and out of a cell?
How many chromosomes do human body cells
have?
What is Suzi’s favourite kind of cake?

4. Cell specialisation
The following illustration shows a variety of animal cells, with different
shapes and structures. Each has a very specific job, which helps the
organism as a whole to work efficiently.
generalised
animal cell
http://www.cellsaliv
e.com/

5. Zygote

6. Specialisation
How Cells Become Specialized – YouTube

7. Task
For your first assignment you will need to know the
specialized features and functions of the following
human cells:
• Sperm cell
• Ovum (egg cell)
• Motor neurone
• Epithelial cell of the ileum
Research its shape and structures and consider how these
features help it to carry out its function in the body

8. Example of
animal cell
Specific
function
Specialised features suited to the
function
Labelled diagram of specialised
cell features
Sperm cell
(male
gamete)
Nerve cell
(motor
neurone)
Red blood
cell
Epithelial cell
of the ileum
Copy and complete the following table.

9. Example
of animal
cell
Specific function Specialised features suited to the function
Sperm cell
(male
gamete)
Nerve cell
(motor
neurone)

10. Example
of animal
cell
Specific function Specialised features suited to the function
Ovum
(egg cell)
Epithilial
cell of
ileum

11. Example
of animal
cell
Specific function
Specialised features suited to the
function
Sperm cell
(male
gamete)
To fertilise the egg cell
(female gamete)
The head, containing genetic information
and a nucleus, has an enzyme to help
penetrate the egg cell membrane.
The middle section, immediately behind
the head is packed with mitochondria
for energy. The tail or flagellum moves
the sperm to the egg.
Nerve cell
(motor
neurone)
Pass sensory impulses
from Central nervous
system to an effector
Dendrites to make connections with
other neurones. Long axon or nerve fibre
to carry the impulse to the target organ.
Red blood
cell
Contain haemoglobin
to carry oxygen to the
cells
Thin outer membrane allows oxygen to
diffuse through easily. Bi-concave
shape increases the surface area to
allow more oxygen to be absorbed
efficiently. No nucleus means that the
whole cell is full of haemoglobin which
combines with and carries oxygen
around the body.

12. Sperm Cell

13. Motor Neurone

15. Epithelial Cells of the Ileum

16. Levels of Organization....

17. Cells and organisms
Some organisms consist of a single cell. Unicellular organisms are one-cell
living things which have microscopic structures or organelles inside them
including mitochondria and a nucleus.
Multi-cellular organisms, such as ourselves, are made from very large
numbers of cells.
Groups of cells of the same type are called tissues. Groups of tissues work
together as organs to perform particular functions within an organism. For
example, millions of human heart muscle cells are grouped together to form
heart muscle tissue, which is in turn organised into an organ - the heart.

18. The heart in its turn forms part of a functional system - the circulatory
system.