1 Patrick, Your paper did an adequate job of addressing the required elements of the assignment, but there was some room for improvement. For example, you needed to construct a timeline of the evolution of strategic mamangment. This element is missing from your submission. You completed some required parts of the assignment, demonstrated some understanding of materials, the writing was difficult to understand and unscholarly, and had several errors in grammar, mechanics, and APA formatting. Please open the paper I returned with your grade and review all of my margin comments. Do not hesitate to contact me with any questions or concerns. Final score: 7 of 10 Dr. Ian B. Cole Strategic Management Emmanuel, P PUB-7021 North Central University Dr. Ian, Cole 4/9/2021 Strategic Management Strategic management involves strategizing public organizations by coming up with series of formulation and planning's that can help the public view . Better policies that will enable one to achieve the goals are an excellent example of strategic management. Strategic management allows individuals to plan; however, it gives the individuals the aspirations and brings a sense of motivation and self-drive toward goals. Policymakers in the 21st century wanted to end struggles and be confronted with myriad challenges (Makadok, Burton, & Barney, 2018). They confronted and wanted to get effective ways of solving the challenges that had been experienced before Strategic management is essential in the public sector; strategic management gives expansion and growth at large. The public gets to learn and understand the management well so as for better performance and growth. Every organization must have a vision and goals to achieve; however, carrying out duties without the goal can lead to redundancy (Trigeorgis& Reuer, 2017). An organization has to be clear on what to be done and not to be done. Any organization's success is seen when strategic management is put in place and proper measures are strictly adhered to (Barbosa, Castañeda-Ayarza, & Ferreira, 2020). The administration will be ready to tackle any problem arising without fear. The organization will have its effectiveness increase, and no threats will be encountered, therefore as far as strategic management is concerned (Zachary, 2013). Management assures an organization for a long-term existence; it provides a framework to the organization as it enables every worker to adhere to an organization's rules. It gives a direction to an organization hence ensuring that threats are dealt with at the immediate effect. The organization must know the things that might negatively impact the organization, and by using strategic management, everything will be put in place (Zachary, 2013). The learning should continue in an organization; however, the organization must organize and develop training and reward those workers doing great jobs. This will reduce internal threats and ensure that a peaceful environmen ...

1. 1
Patrick,
Your paper did an adequate job of addressing the required
elements of the assignment, but there was some room for
improvement. For example, you needed to construct a timeline
of the evolution of strategic mamangment. This element is
missing from your submission. You completed some required
parts of the assignment, demonstrated some understanding of
materials, the writing was difficult to understand and
unscholarly, and had several errors in grammar, mechanics, and
APA formatting. Please open the paper I returned with your
grade and review all of my margin comments. Do not hesitate
to contact me with any questions or concerns.
Final score: 7 of 10
Dr. Ian B. Cole
Strategic Management
Emmanuel, P PUB-7021
North Central University
Dr. Ian, Cole
4/9/2021
Strategic Management
Strategic management involves strategizing public organizations
by coming up with series of formulation and planning's that can
help the public view
. Better policies that will enable one to achieve the goals are an
excellent example of strategic management. Strategic
management allows individuals to plan; however, it gives the
individuals the aspirations and brings a sense of motivation and

2. self-drive toward goals. Policymakers in the 21st century
wanted to end struggles and be confronted with myriad
challenges (Makadok, Burton, & Barney, 2018). They
confronted and wanted to get effective ways of solving the
challenges that had been experienced before
Strategic management is essential in the public sector; strategic
management gives expansion and growth at large. The public
gets to learn and understand the management well so as for
better performance and growth. Every organization must have a
vision and goals to achieve; however, carrying out duties
without the goal can lead to redundancy (Trigeorgis& Reuer,
2017). An organization has to be clear on what to be done and
not to be done. Any organization's success is seen when
strategic management is put in place and proper measures are
strictly adhered to (Barbosa, Castañeda-Ayarza, & Ferreira,
2020). The administration will be ready to tackle any problem
arising without fear.
The organization will have its effectiveness increase, and no
threats will be encountered, therefore as far as strategic
management is concerned (Zachary, 2013). Management assures
an organization for a long-term existence; it provides a
framework to the organization as it enables every worker to
adhere to an organization's rules.
It gives a direction to an organization hence ensuring that
threats are dealt with at the immediate effect. The organization
must know the things that might negatively impact the
organization, and by using strategic management, everything
will be put in place (Zachary, 2013).
The learning should continue in an organization; however, the
organization must organize and develop training and reward
those workers doing great jobs. This will reduce internal threats
and ensure that a peaceful environment is made all the time
(Dervitsiotis, 2002). Strategic management is practiced
everywhere, including political backgrounds. Over time the

3. government ensured that laws had been made.
It falls under strategic management because it gives a country
direction by coming up with (Makadok, Burton, & Barney,
2018). Static
management should be done in the nation, there is a lot of
actions and problems that need to be solved, and the better way
of doing it is by applying these principles of management
There are divergent interests in the political ground, and the
best way of solving this has management principles that
motivate those participating in the processes. Management
systems ensure government develops its strategic plans in
providing everything runs smoothly in the government (Hitt&
Duane Ireland, 2017). However, the change was seen to be
necessary as it improved the country's effectiveness in different
sectors
.
However, some challenges have emerged recently. Managers in
the organization are not able to accept views outside the
organization.
However, the organization may fail to achieve its goals; failure
is seen when the goals are set poorly (Trigeorgis& Reuer,
2017). The organization needs improvement every day, and
here, they should accept better ideas that can improve the
organization's management skills. There are different ways of
ensuring that these problems are overcome (Teece, 2019).
Management should remain steadfast and keenly ensuring that
strategic management has adhered to.
Strategic management should be applied to public policy as it
helps in advancing it by ensuring that public policy goals come
through (Barbosa, Castañeda-Ayarza& Ferreira, 2020). Policy
aims are fulfilled by having strategic management included. The
government does its agendas by ensuring that management skills
are displayed. Strategic planning and management involve
addressing challenges by ensuring that the public remains in a
good state all the time.
However, different strategies of improving management in a

4. government have been stated, e.g., collaboration, cross-
boundary functions, and other activities. Each approach should
be taken keenly so as for better performance after that.
Aspiration can be achieved when proper planning is done.
Adopting strategic planning by public organizations has
positively impacted; however, strategic management elements
have been practiced worldwide and have brought a good impact
.
References
Barbosa, M., Castañeda-Ayarza, J. A., & Ferreira, D. H. L.
(2020). Sustainable strategic management (GES): Sustainability
in small business. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120880.
Hitt, M., & Duane Ireland, R. (2017). The intersection of
entrepreneurship and strategic management research. The
Blackwell handbook of entrepreneurship, 45-63.
Makadok, R., Burton, R., & Barney, J. (2018). A practical guide
for making theory contributions in strategic management.
Trigeorgis, L., & Reuer, J. J. (2017). Real options theory in
strategic management. Strategic management journal, 38(1), 42-
63.
Teece, D. J. (2019). A capability theory of the firm: economics
and (strategic) management perspective. New Zealand Economic
Papers, 53(1), 1-43.
Zachary, A. B. (2013). Strategic planning in a turbulent
environment: A Conceptual View. DBA AfricaManagement
Review, 3(1).
�Please email me indicating that you have reviewed the
comments included with your paper. Thanks!
�Always a good idea to define key concepts!

5. �The opening section should highlight what the paper will
cover
�You did a good job of explaining why strategic management is
important!
�Exactly!
�This sentence seems out of place – not sure what you are
referring to.
�Strategic?
�Your essay also needed to provide a timeline (or an essay of a
timeline) that covered the evolution of strategic management
�Interesting point, but more information is needed. How does
this relate to strategic management?
�You did a great job of discussing strategic management, but
you also needed to provide a timeline of its evolution. This was
the main element of the assignment!

6. SOC103 Introduction to Sociology Class, Race and
InequalitySociology and Social InequalityTheories on
inequalityGlobal inequalityRace, Class and
InequalityRacismsSocial mobility and reproduction
Sociology and social inequalityWhat kind of questions do
sociologists ask about social inequality?Why are sociologists
interested in understanding social inequality?
Sociology and social inequality
• What is social inequality?
– Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of
social, political and economic resources within a social
collective (van Krieken et al 2016)
– Not just economic resources
– Social honour
Theories on inequalityKarl Marx and classMax Weber and
statusDurkheim and solidarity
Source: International Movement for Monetary ReformsMarx and
Class
Source: gloomyfaerieMarx and ClassHistorical
materialism‘material’ reality of the human experience‘The mode
of production of material life conditions the general process of
social, political, and intellectual life’ (Marx 1859)Free will
constrained by economic arrangementsClass privileges
Did you do these six activities today?Class consciousness
• Surplus value
– ‘the executive of the modern state is but a committee for
managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie’ (Marx
& Engels 1967, p. 82)False consciousnessClass consciousness –
a class in itself to a class for itself
Source: ABC
Criticisms and legacy of Marx’s class theoryOveremphasis on
material conditionsNo emphasis on other social categories such
as race, gender, sexuality, nationalityOveremphasis on ultimate
goal of communismRelevance in the current context
Source: takepart.comWeber and StatusClass – wealth and
incomeStatus – social honourParty – political organisation and

7. influence4 social classes
– Bourgeoisie – petty bourgeoisie – salaried non-manual
workers – manual workers
Source: World Wide Weber
Weber and Status
Source: Time MagazineDurkheim and SolidaritySolidarity
refers to the way a society manages conflictTangible and
intangible things that enable ‘mutual dependence’ that in turn
holds or binds a society together ‘What is needed if social order
is to reign is that the mass of men be contented with their lot.
But what is needed for them to be content is not that they have
more or less, but that they be convinced that they have no right
to more.’
(cited in Aron 1977, p. 91)
What is missing in all three DWM’s conceptualisations on
class?Historical context - colonialismInterconnected link
between race and capitalismGenders and sexualities
Source: Guardian
Source: Oxfam 2020 Global inequality
Sociologists explain with two main theories:Modernisation
theory (Max Weber, Talcott Parsons)
dominant paradigm in 1950s and 1960spoor societies lack
capital to invest in western methodspoor countries are
dysfunctionalneed to transfer western culture and capital to
these dysfunctional countriesDependency theory (Karl Marx,
Immanuel Wallerstein)modernisation theory is flawedIndustrial
revolution and wealth accumulation occurred in the
westneocolonialismexploitation continues and takes the form of
substantial foreign investmentdon’t blame the victim, focus on
addressing the exploitation
Race, Class and Inequality
Source: The Yorker
Race and racism
Hickey (2016)Race understood as a socio-political construct
using
bservable traits to classify and stratify people (Smedley &

8. Smedley 2005)Race understood as being racialised for the
purpose
f exclusion and discrimination (Meekosha & Pettman
1991)White as invisible raceWhiteness as dominance
Race and racism
Hickey (2016)Racialisation – process which others are ‘raced’
(Ibrahim 2004)Power of dominant group maintained through
institutional power and everyday social habits (Bourdieu
1979)Racism – discrimination and mistreatment of a group
r individual based on ascribed racialised identity (Modood
et al 2002)
RacismEveryday racism
‘systematic, recurrent, familiar practices’ where ‘socialised
racist notions are integrated into everyday practices and thereby
actualise and reinforce underlying racial and ethnic relations’
(Essed 1991: 145)
white innocence (Wekker 2016)
white fragility (DiAngelo 2019)
two-fold violence (van Diik 1992)
Everyday racism
Source: ABC The Drum’s Twitter pageInstitutional racism
‘those patterns, procedures, practices, and policies that operate
within social institutions so as to consistently penalise,
disadvantage, and exploit individuals who are members of non-
white racial/ ethnic groups’ (Better 2008:11)Institutional
racismWhen unequal and unjust racial relations manifest at
multiple sites such as the politics, public service, law
enforcement, healthcare, education and workplacewhen there
are mechanisms and systems in place to ensure that the majority
remains powerful and minority stays subordinatewhen there is a
lack of political will, deliberate affirmative decisions and
meaningful policies to disrupt dominance of majority
representation in positions of powerwhen there is a constant
need for the minority to explain themselves, prove they are
good enough and display model minority characteristicswhen
there is the expectation for the minority to adopt majority

9. culture and conceal their own cultureswhen there is no anti-
racism, anti-discrimination framework to police different forms
of racial violencewhen there is no avenue for the minority to
seek redress when the minority are finally outraged enough to
resist, they are expected to be the face of diversity and labour
over the fight for a more even playing field
Institutional racismInstitutional Racism
Source:Jan Fran’s Twitter page
Social mobility and reproductionBourdieu and capitalEconomic
capital – material wealthSocial capital – social networks, source
of supportCultural capital – cultural values associated with
consumption patterns, lifestyle choices, social attributes and
formal qualificationsSymbolic capital – legitimation, respect
Social mobility and reproductionSocial mobility – movement of
individuals up or down the hierarchy of
inequalityIntragenerational mobility - within a
generationIntergenerational mobility – across two or more
generationsAscribed and achieved social mobility
Race, Class and Inequality in Australian society
Source: SBS The FeedNext week: Watch recorded lecture on
Migration and Forced Displacement
Dr Quah Ee Ling Sharon [email protected]
SOC103 Introduction to Sociology
Globalisation in everyday life
Globalisation in everyday lifeEverythi ng is connected to
everythingThe world is becoming increasingly unified or
interconnectedFar flung individuals bound togetherThought
experiment: your savings in the bank, brand names you
useBabelMovie: Babel
multiple stories across 4 countries (US, Morocco, Mexico
and Japan)interconnectedness of people’s lives in a globalised
world
Features of Globalisation
Features of globalisation

10. • Compression of the world – Roland Robertson 1968, Anthony
Giddens 1990, David Harvey 1990
– Complex interrelationshi ps – Increase in interconnectedness –
Time-space compressionNetwork society – Manuel Castells
2000, Anthony Giddens
David Harvey 1990
– information and communications technologies – Virtual
culture, post-industrial
• Privatisation and deregulation – Anthony Giddens 1990,
Manuel Castells 2000
– Disembeddedness – Reflexivity – NeoliberalismGlobal
capitalismWorld systems theory by Immanuel Wallerstein
1979Transnational companies, MNCs, international
companiesRely on foreign labour and foreign productionSell in
world markets (e.g. China and India)Autonomous from national
governmentsFlexible with regards to labour processes, labour
markets, products, and patterns of consumption
‘McDonaldisation’, ‘Starbuckisation’George Ritzer 1996Spread
of American business values and culture – rationality,
efficiency, profitability, calculabilityHomogenisation effect of
globalisationUnidirectional from the westCultural imperialism
Global capitalism: fantasy vs realityFantasy: the world is your
marketplace?Reality: international divisions of wealth and
labour (Naomi Klein 2000, No Logo), regionalismFantasy:
autonomy and freedoms from nation-state constraints,
borderless world? Kenichi Ohmae’s The Borderless World 1991
and The End of the Nation State 1995Reality: Governments still
regulate transnational corporate activity. Hirst and Thompson
1999, Globalisation in QuestionNeoliberalismMargaret Thatcher
and Ronald ReaganReduce government economic
regulationPrivatise state’s activitiesCut down on expenditure on
public servicesHigh priority on market-based principles not just
in business world but different aspects of social
lifeCommodification – turning social interaction into objects
that can be transacted in the marketplaceIntense emphasis on
profitisationSky is the limit – neoliberalism is globalising,

11. globalisation provides economic impetus for neoliberal
pursuitsAmericanisationAmericanisation, American hegemony
(Noam Chomsky 1999)Take over international economy –
impose tariffs, subsidise American industries, spread
neoliberalismPolitics, economics, culture, social
lifeIslamphobia
Consumption
Sociology of consumptionMaterial perspective
who consumes what?structures and institutions
expansion of capitalist productioncolonial
empiresmodernitysocio-economic developmentsclass
differences; unequal access to goods
Sociology of consumption
• Material perspective
‘American shoppers snap up about 5 times more clothing now
than they did in 1980. In 2018, that averaged 68 garments a year
…. As a whole, the
world’s citizens acquire some 80 billion apparel items annually
…’
- The Wall Street Journal, The High Price of Fast Fashion, 29
August 2019
each. ‘Britons Most buy of 3 it billion end up items being of
clothing thrown away’ every year – an average of 50 pieces -
Jessica Williams (2004) 50 facts that should change the world.
USA: Icon Books Ltd
Sweat shops
• Nike, Adidas, Puma, Bonds, Just Jeans – wear any of these
brands?
Source: http://www.oxfam.org.au/explore/workers-rights/are-
your-clothes-made-in-sweatshopsIn India, there are 10.1 million
child labourers (UNICEF India)One child labourer said, “I used
to work for 12 to 14 hours in a day.. I was not paid a single
penny for a year. A week after joining, I was hung upside down
for a minor fault. Whenever I sustained injuries while using a
sharp knife to turn the carpet knots, I was denied medical care.

12. Instead my employer used to fill the wound with matchstick
powder and burn. My flesh and skin used to burn.”
Jessica Williams (2004) 50 facts that should change the
world. USA: Icon Books Ltd
Source: http://www.childjustice.org/html/issue605_pr.htm
Culture as meaning-makingAs a process of meaning-
makingOperating in different contextsEvident in their social
practices and social productsAccount for different
meaningsExamine effects in social life
Sociology of consumption
• Cultural perspective
– ‘doing coffee’
– construction of identities
– social meanings of consuming
coffee
Consumption as ideological manipulationMax Horkheimer and
Theodore Adorno (1972)‘Culture industry’, production of
consumptionIndustralisation and commercialisation of
cultureProduces mass culture, threatening individuality and
creativityConsumers are perceived as passive and easily
manipulatedIrony: we turn to consumerism to define ourselves
but consumer goods are mass produced
[Miranda and some assistants are deciding between two similar
belts for an outfit.
Andy sniggers because she thinks they look exactly the same]
Something funny?
Andy: No, no, nothing. Y'know, it's just that both those belts
look exactly the same
to me. Y'know, I'm still learning about all this stuff
Miranda: This... 'stuff'? Oh... ok. I see, you think this has
nothing to do with
you. You go to your closet and you select out, oh I don't know,
that lumpy blue sweater, for instance, because you're trying to
tell the world that you take yourself too seriously to care about
what you put on your back. But what you don't know is that that
sweater is not just blue, it's not turquoise, it's not lapis, it's

13. actually cerulean. You're also blithely unaware of the fact that
in 2002,
Oscar De La Renta did a collection of cerulean gowns. And then
I think it was Yves St Laurent, wasn't it, who showed cerulean
military jackets?...And then cerulean quickly showed up in the
collections of 8 different designers. Then it filtered down
through the department stores and then trickled on down into
some tragic casual corner where you, no doubt, fished it out of
some clearance bin. However, that blue represents millions of
dollars and countless jobs and so it's sort of comical how you
think that you've made a choice that exempts you from the
fashion industry when, in fact, you're wearing the sweater that
was selected for you by the people in this room. From a pile of
stuff.
‘Consumer culture’Mike Featherstone (1991)Instrumental
calculation of all aspects of life is possibleEverything has a
calculable logicCultural traditions are quantifiableNon-culture?
Post-culture?Exchange-value triumphs over use-value of goods
Consumption as emulationThorstein Veblen (1899) Theory of
the Leisure ClassLeisure class relies on ‘conspicuous
consumption’ to demonstrate wealthFashion as a mark of ‘taste’
and social differentiation“our apparel is always in evidence and
affords an indication of our pecuniary standing to all observers
at the first glance” (Veblen 1899, p19)Irony: fashion is an
intriguing mix of mimesis and individualism (Cameron 2000)
Consumption as social distinction
• Pierre Bourdieu (1979) Distinction: A social critique of the
judgment of tasteSocial class determines ‘good taste’But…“it
must never be forgotten that the working class ‘aesthetic’ is a
dominated ‘aesthetic’ which is constantly
bliged to define itself in terms of the dominant
aesthetics…”(Bourdieu 1979, p 41)Social distinction marked in
everyday things such as food,
furniture etc.
Consumption as self-expressionConsumption, like traffic, is a
system of meaning (Jean Baudrillard)Focus on the mode of

14. consumption, not as end product of economic production but as
practiceMeanings are actively produced through manipulation of
signsIdentities are actively formed and performed through
consumptionConsumers not cultural dupes, but active and
reflexive
Consumption as socialArjun Appadurai (1988) The Social Life
of Things CommoditiesCommodities are inherently
socialCommodities have their own biographyCommodified,
recommodified, decommodifiedEnters and re-enters the
commodity sphere
Consumption as social
• The shopping centre
Le Bon Marche, Paris 1838
See you next week for lecture on Class, Race and Inequalities
Dr Quah Ee Ling Sharon [email protected]