1. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Laboratory Safety
and
Biosafety in Laboratory
Present by
Tassanee Lerksuthirat & Anon Khanpanya
PHPT Laboratory Safety Officers
PHPT-Nong Hoi 11 August 2009
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
2. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Why matters ??
Specimen receive
Laboratory Waste disposal Environment
Community
RESPONSIBILITY
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
3. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Why matters ??
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
4. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• Safe working protects:
– Yourself
– Other lab workers
– Cleaners
– People at home
– Visitors
– Products or your works
– Environment
Why matters ??
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
5. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Hazards in Lab
• Physical hazards
– fire
– sharps
– natural disaster
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Accidents
• Unexpected events -- red-yellow protest
Uncertainty is Certainty -- Be Aware!
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
6. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• Elimination/substitution
– risk assessment
• Engineering controls
– construction
– work area
– ventilation
• Administrative control
– work load
– training
• Personal control
– PPE
Hazards Control
XXL
SS
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
7. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Laboratory Safety
• Laboratory Hygiene -- no food/drinks in lab
• Sharp Safety -- broken glasses
• Equipment Safety -- proper use, well-trained
• Fire Safety -- fire extinguisher, fire exit
• Chemical safety -- MSDS
• Biological safety -- pathogens, disinfection
• Human safety -- criminal, psycho, health
• ……. safety -- experiences
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
8. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Biosafety in Laboratory
• Biological Hazards
– Its capability to infect & cause disease in
human/animal host
– Its virulence as measured by severity of disease,
availability of preventive measures & effective
treatments for the disease
– Infectious agents or biological hazards, unlike
chemical, in that they can reproduce, grow and
spread
– Exposure to a small number of organisms can
cause serious problems
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
9. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Biological Hazards
• Mode of transmission
– Inhalation -- sneeze
– Ingestion -- food/drinks
– Penetration -- stab by needle
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
10. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Safety Guidelines & Manuals
• WHO: Laboratory Biosafety Manual
• CDC/NIH: Biosafety in Microbiological and
Biomedical Laboratories
• PHPT: Laboratory Safety
Manual
• Canada: Laboratory
Biosafety Guidelines
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
11. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• WHO -- 4 risk groups
– principal characteristics
– route of transmission
• Microorganisms in PHPT
– risk gr. 2
– community risk: low
– individual risk: moderate
• pathogen cause human disease but unlikely to be serious
hazard to lab workers & community/environment
• exposures cause serious infection but effective treatment
& preventive measure are available
• risk of spread of infection is limited
Microbiological Risk Group
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
12. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• Microbiological risk gr. relate biosafety level but not
equate to BSL
• Level designation
– ascending order (1,2, ….)
– degree of protection provided to individual,
environment & community
• CDC & WHO -- 4 BSLs
• All BSLs require standard microbiological practices
Biosafety Level (BSL)
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
13. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• Microbiological risk gr. relate biosafety level but not
equate to BSL
• Level designation
– ascending order (1,2, ….)
– degree of protection provided to individual,
environment & community
• CDC & WHO -- 4 BSLs
• All BSLs require standard microbiological practices
Biosafety Level (BSL)
Only BSL-1 & BSL-2
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
14. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• Suitable for work with well characterized agents
not known to cause disease in healthy adult
humans & present minimal potential hazard to lab
personnel & environment
Biosafety Level (BSL): BSL-1
Bacillus subtilis & Escherichia coli
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
15. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Biosafety Level (BSL): BSL-1
Practices Safety Equipment
(Primary Barriers & PPE)
Facilities
(Secondary Barriers)
Standard
microbiological
practices
None required •door for access
control
•sink for hand
washing
•design to be easily
clean
•sturdy furniture
•windows fit with
flyscreen
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
16. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
• Suitable for work with agents of moderate
potential hazard to personnel & environment
Biosafety Level (BSL): BSL-2
Shigella, Dengue virus, Plasmodium:
P. falciparum, P. vivax, HBV & HIV
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
17. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Practices Safety Equipment
(Primary Barriers & PPE)
Facilities
(Secondary Barriers)
BSL-1 practice
plus:
•special practice
for BSL-2
Primary barriers:
Class I/II BSCs or other
physical containment
devices used for all
manipulations of agents
that cause splashes/
aerosols of infectious
materials
PPE:
Lab coats, gloves & face
protection as needed
BSL-1 plus:
•autoclave available
•lockable door
•eye wash station
available
Biosafety Level (BSL): BSL-2
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
18. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Standard Microbiological Practice
• Control access to laboratory
• Use mechanism pipetting devices
• Washing hands
• Prohibit eating, drinking & smoking
• Minimize splashes & aerosols
• Decontaminate work surfaces daily
• Decontaminate wastes
• Maintain insect & rodent control program
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
19. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Special Practice for BSL-2
• Needle & sharp precautions
– Use sharp container or use plastic ware or any procedures
that protect the danger from sharp
– If possible use plasticware
– DO NOT break, bend, re-sheath or reuse syringes/needles
– DO NOT place needles or sharps in office & waste
containers
– DO NOT handle broken glassed with hands
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
20. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Special Practice for BSL-2
• Biohazard warning signs
• Biosafety manual specific to lab
• Lab personnel aware of potential hazards &
proficient in practices/techniques
• Training with annual updates
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
21. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Special Practice for BSL-2
• Potentially infectious materials must be placed in a
durable, leak-proof container during collection,
handling, processing, storage or transport
• Immunization
• Baseline serum samples
• Report spills & accidents
• No animals & plants in lab
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
22. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Special Practice for BSL-2
• All procedure involving manipulation of infectious
materials -- may generate aerosol -- conduct within
BSC or other physical containment devices
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
23. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Universal Precautions
Treat all human blood and certain body fluids
as if they are infected
Must be observed in all situations where
there is a potential for contact with blood
or potentially infectious materials
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
24. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Washing Hands
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
25. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Simply Using Mask
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
26. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Eye Protective Equipment
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
27. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Steps for putting on PPE
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
28. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Steps for taking off PPE
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
29. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Removing Gloves
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
30. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Working Chemical Hood
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
31. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Working with BSC
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
32. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Chemical Clean Up
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
33. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
Demons -- Blood Spill Clean Up
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t
34. Programs for HIV Prevention and Treatment IRD UMI 174
END
FOR
THE FIRST SECTION
T
a
s
s
a
n
e
e
L
e
r
k
s
u
t
h
i
r
a
t