minerals found in earth, its types and characteristics.

1. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE,TECHNOLO
AND SCIENCES
GROUP PROJECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-2
ENV-416
SUBMITTED BY- SUBMITTED TO – Dr. SATYENDRA NATH
TANYA GUPTA( 17BSLSCFS014)
ANKITA SHARMA (17BSLSCFS015). GROUP-4
ANJALI MISHRA( 17BSLSCFS017)
NUTAN PRABHA (17BSLSCFS018)
Bsc.LSCFS

2. MINERAL RESOURCES

3. Contents
• MINERALS
• MINERAL RESOURCES
• CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
• USES OF MINERAL RESOURCES
• EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
• CONSERVATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES

4. MINERAL
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance,
representable by a chemical formula, that is usually
solid and inorganic, and has a crystal structure.
Example- coal,gold,limestone,topaz,quartz,etc.

5. • A mineral is a pure inorganic
substance that occurs naturally in
the earth’s crust.
• More than two-thousand
minerals have been identified and
most of these are inorganic,
which are formed by the various
combination of elements.
• A small proportion of the earth’s
crust contains organic materials,
consist of single elements such as
gold, silver, diamond, and sulfur.
• An ore is a mineral or
combination of minerals from
which a useful substance,such as
a metal,can be extracted and
used to manufacture a useful
product.
A GOLD ORE

6. Minerals can form on the surface through evaporation of
solutions containing dissolved minerals. Minerals can form
beneath the surface when dissolved elements and
compounds leave a hot water solution or when materials
melted in magma/ lava then cools & hardens.

7. Mineral Resources
• Mineral resources are the key material basis for
socio-economic development. Statistical results
show that more than 95% of energy used by
mankind, 80% industrial raw materials and 70% raw
materials for agricultural production are from
mineral resources.

8. Classification of minerals

9. Characteristics of Metallic
Minerals
• Metallic Minerals are those minerals which can be
melted to obtain new products and show a metallic
shine in their appearance.
• The potential source of the metal that can be got
through mining and associated with igneous rocks.
• They are ductile and malleable.
• IRON,COPPER,BAUXITE,TIN,MANGANESE are some
examples.

11. Classification of metallic minerals

12. Characteristics of Nonmetallic
Mineral Resources
• Minerals appear with a non-metallic shine or luster
• Do not contain extractable metals in their chemical
composition
• Generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
• Coal,salt,clay are some examples.

14. ENERGY MINERALS
• Energy minerals are the minerals that are used
for generating energy.
• Coal,petroleum,oil are some examples.

15. Extraction of minerals
There are several ways by which minerals can be
extracted from earth,but the two main methods are
called SUBSURFACE MINING and SURFACE MINING.
Surface mining

16. Uses of mineral resources
1. Used in construction of buildings, bridges and housing
settlement.
2. Development of industries and machinery.
3. Used for generation of energy mainly by Coal, petroleum and
natural gas.
4. Used for development of defence equipment.
5. Used in the field of communication like telephone, wires,
cables, electronic devices etc.
6. Formation of alloys for various purposes.
7. Used for formation of ornaments like jewellery of gold,
diamond, silver etc.
8. Used for synthesis of fertilizers, fungicides etc.

17. Exploitation
of Mineral Resources !

18. 1. Mining is hazardous
occupation:
• This occupation involves several health risk dust
produced during mining operation are injurious to
health and cause lung diseases.
• Extraction of some toxic or radioactive minerals
leads to life threatening hazards.
• Dynamite explosion during mining is very risky as
fumes produced are extremely poisonous.
• Underground mining is more hazardous than
surface mining as there are more chances if
accidents like roof falls, flooding and inadequate
ventilation etc.

19. 2. Rapid depletion of high grade
minerals:
• Increasing demand for high grade minerals has
compelled miners to carry out more extraction of
minerals, which require more energy sources and
produce large amount of waste materials.

20. 3. Environmental problems:
• Conversion of productive land into mining and
industrial areas.
• Mining and extraction process are one of the
sources of air, water and land pollution.
• Mining involves huge consumption of energy
resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.
which are in-turn non renewable sources of energy.
• Surface mining directly degrades the fertile soil
surface thus effect ecology and climate if that
particular area.

21. • Protection of existing mineral deposits.
• More efficient recovery of materials from minerals.
• Re-use and re-cycling of metals.
• Use of alternative renewable substitutes.
• Establishment of District Mineral Foundation,
which will work for the interest and benefit of
persons, and areas, affected by mining related
operations.
Conservation of Mineral
Resources

22. REFERENCES
• https//:byjuvs.com
• https//:wikipedia.com
• https//:britanica.com
• https//:sciencedu.com

23. THANK YOU