the methods of producing synthetic ptrol

1. 4 Applied Chemistry
Helwan university

2. Introduction
 Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel obtained from
coal , natural gas , oil shale , or biomass .
 It may also refer to fuel derived from other solids such
as plastics or rubber waste.

3. Methods of producing synthetic
petrol
Polymerization
Fischer-Tropsch
Bergius process

4. Polymerization
 In this method, smaller molecules of hydrocarbons
are combined to form heavier molecule resembling
gasoline , it is of two type:
A. Thermal polymerization
B. Catalytic polymerization

5. Thermal polymerization
 Thermal polymerization is carried out at temperature
about 500-600 C and pressure about 70-350 Kg/cm2

6. Catalytic polymerization
 It is carried out at lower temperature of 150-200 C , in
low pressure and in presence of catalyst like posphoric
acid.
 The rate of reaction is increased.
 The gasoline obtained is of inproved quality and
posses high antiknock properties than the gasoline
obtained from thermal polymerization process.

7. Fischer-Tropsch Process
 It is indirect coal liquefaction.
 It is a set of chemical reaction that can be used to
produce fuels and chemicles from synthesis gas.
 synthesis gas is mixture of Co and H2 , which can be
derived from natural gas , coal , or biomass.

8. Optimum conditions:
Feed stock
water gas +
H2
Catalyst
cobalt(100
parts)
magnesia(8
parts)
thoria(5
parts)
Temperature
250 C
Pressure
5-10 atm

9. It involves two steps:
Production of
synthesis gas.
Hydrogenation
of synthesis gas.

10. 1) Production of synthesis
gas
1. C + H2o [CO + H2]
(coal) (steam) ( water gas)
2. [CO + H2] + H2 [CO + 2H2]
( water gas) (synthesis gas)
The synthesis gas is fed into converter which contains catalyst
under temperature , then occurs it hydrogenation.

11. 1) Hydrogenation of synthesis gas
1. n[CO + (2n+1)H2] Cn H2n+2 + H2o
(synthesis gas ) (Alkanes)
After produce alkanes is fed into fractional
distillation column to produce (The synthetic
petrol)

13. Disadvantages
1. As implemented today , it is dirty , wastes energy ,
complicated.
2. Burns almost one ton of coal for every ton converted
to liquid fuel

14. Bergius process
 One of the main methods of direct conversion of coal
to liquids by hydrogenation process is Bergius process.
 In this process , the finely powdered coal is completed
keen on a paste through heavy oil ang a catalyst
powder (tin or nickel oleate) is mixed with it. The
paste is pumped along with hydrogen gas into the
converter. Where the synthetic paste is heated to 400-
450 C under a pressure of 200-250 atm.

15. Continue……
 During this process hydrogen combines with coal to
form saturated higher hydrocarbons , which
experience additional decay at superior temperature to
acquiesce combination of lesser hydrocarbons.
 The mix is led to a condenser , where the crude oil is
attained . The crude oil then fractionated to yield
A. Gasoline B. Middle oil C. Heavy oil