2. What is Grammar?
Descriptive
grammar
(definition #1)
refers to the
structure of a
language as it is
actually used by
speakers and
writers.
Prescriptive
grammar
(definition #2)
refers to the
structure of a
language as
certain people
think it should be
used.
3. The Value of Studying Grammar
gaining a clearer understanding of how our
language works
gain greater control over the way you shape
words into sentences and paragraphs
help you become a more effective writer.
4. Descriptive vs Prescriptive
Descriptive grammarians generally advise us
not to be overly concerned with matters of
correctness: language, they say, isn't good or
bad; it simply is. As the history of the glamorous
word grammar demonstrates, the English
language is a living system of communication,
a continually evolving affair.
Prescriptive grammarians prefer giving
practical advice about using language:
straightforward rules to help us avoid making
errors.
5. Objective
To speak correct English
Develop and adapt the right speaking
skills and strategies in both formal and
informal atmosphere
Using Grammar accurately and
appropriately
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7. Articles
Definition: Articles are used to clarify if a noun is specific or if a
noun is not specific
There are 2 kinds of articles:
Definite articles - are used for specific nouns
"The" - is a definite articles
Indefinite articles - are used for non specific nouns
"A- An" are indefinite articles
It is used to refer to a noun that is not something or someone
specific such as a pen, an apple, a bus
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8. Examples
I see a dog in the street *
The girls see the big black dog on the other side of
the street **
Please bring me a pen*
Please bring me the black pen that is on my desk**
I think that is a teacher from the school*
I think that is the math teacher**
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9. Verb
Definition: The part of speech that describes an action or
occurrence or indicates a state of being. Typically used to
indicate an action
The verb is king in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb.
You can make a one-word sentence with a verb, for example:
"Stop!“
The doctor wrote the prescription
(In this example, the word "wrote" is a verb. It expresses the
action 'to write')
Alison bought a ticket
(The word "bought" is a verb. It expresses the action 'to buy')
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10. Tenses
Definition: Tense is a grammatical category
that locates a situation in time, that indicates
when the situation takes place
Tenses are broadly classified as present, past,
or future
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11. Examples
11
Past
Present
Future
Simple Past
Simple Present
Future I Simple
He played football every
Tuesday
He plays football every
Tuesday
He will / is going to play
football every Tuesday
He played football and then
he went home
He plays football and then
he goes home
He will play football and
then he will go home
He loved football
He loves football
He will love football
Past Progressive
Present Progressive
Future I Progressive
He was playing football
He is playing football
He will be playing football
He was playing football and He is playing football and she He will be playing football
she was watching
is watching
and she will be watching
12. Sentence Construction
Definition: The arrangement of words to form a
meaningful phrase, clause, or a sentence
The way in which something is built or put together
A sentence is a group of words which starts with a
capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question
mark (?) or exclamation mark (!)
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13. Examples
“Hooray!”shouted Henry, quickly as he climbed up a tall tree.
Henry shouted “Hooray!” as he quickly climbed up a tall tree.
Mark birthday present When will you ? his give
When will you give Mark his birthday present?
like come us dinner to Would have and you tomorrow? With
Would you like to come and have dinner with us tomorrow?
but friends beer doesn't. like wife my My
My friends like beer but my wife doesn't
library, at them read ? many are books all you interesting There have the
There are many interesting books at the library. Have you read them all?
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14. Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns
Interjections
Adjectives
Conjunctions
15. A word that expresses
action or otherwise helps to
make a statement
“be” verbs
&
taste
feel
sound
look
appear
become
seem
grow
remain
stay
17. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody
each
either
none
someone, one, etc.
18. Modifies or describes a
noun or pronoun.
Answers these questions:
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
19. Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
Answers the questions:
He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
It was too hot!
To what degree or how much
20. A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun
or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence
as a noun. The word or word group that the
preposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
