This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors-Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.

1. UNIT-4
WORLD AFTER-WORLD WAR-II

2.  M.A.MUNIAMMAL
 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN HISTORY
 THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF
PRECEPTORS
 MADURAI-9

3. INTRODUCTION
 RUSSIA & USA
 COLD WAR(KOREA, CUBA, VIETNAM & WEST
ASIA)
 BY MARSHALL PLAN USA WON THE TRUST OF
THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE
 BY DEMONSTRATING SOLIDARITY WITH THE
LIBERATION STRUGGLES OF COUNTRIES IN
ASIA & AFRICA,EARNED THE GOODWILL OF THE
LATTER
 NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT BY THIRD WORLD
COUNTRIES
 COLD WAR END WITH THE FALL OF BERLIN
WALL


4. CHINESE REVOLUTION
 China in the pre-war period
 The Chinese Revolution 1911
 Yuan shih-kai & After
 Communist party of China
 Kuomintang & Chiang kai shek
 Mao as Organizer of Peasants
 The Long March 1934
 Japanese Aggression
 Communist Victory
 National People’s Congress
 Denial of UNO Membership

5. COLD WAR
 Truman’s policy of Containment of
Communism
 Marshall Plan
 Formation of Military Alliances—NATO,
SEATO or Manila Pact(1954), Warsaw
Pact, CENTO or The Baghdad Pact
 High Military Expenditure on both sides
 Korean War

6. THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES
 Non-Aligned Movement(NAM)
 Bandung Conference-1955
 To fight all forms of colonialism &
imperialism
 First conference at Belgrade in 1961
 Leadership of Tito(Yugoslavia), Nasser
(Egypt), Nehru(India), Nkrumah(Ghana)
& Sukarno(Indonesia)

7. THE CUBAN REVOLUTION
 Fidel Castro & his colleague Che Guevara
 Castro nationalized the US –Owend sugar
companies
 Ended the US monopolies in electricity &
telephones
 Threatened American economic interests
 Cuban Missile Crisis—US bombed Cuban airfields
against Castro’s regime
 USSR secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cuba
 Finally both withdrew their missiles & US never
invade Cuba & remove missiles from Italy &
Turkey also

8. ARAB-ISRAELI WAR
 1919 Treaty of Versailles provided for
mandates in Turkish Arab Empire
 France was given the mandate for Syria &
Lebanon
 Britain for Iraq, Palestine & Jordan
 This arrangement upset the Arabs since
they expected independence at the end of
world war-1
 Arab-Israeli War-1967 & 1973

9. SUEZ CANAL CRISIS(1956)
 In Egypt in a coup in 1952, Colonel Nasser became its
president
 1956 he nationalized the Suez Canal
 This is failure for the Britain & France’s diplomacy
 Israel open the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping & put a
stop to Egyptian border raids
 Oct 29 Israeli forces invaded Egypt,
 Britain demand that its troops be allowed to occupy the
canal zone
 But Egypt refused so that,
 Britain & France bombed Egyptian airfields & canal area
 Under pressure both ended hostilities on Nov 9
 India’s role is very important

10. VIETNAM WAR
 Viet Minh controlled the northern half of
Vietnam-communist country
 Ngo Dinh Diem -headed south Vietnam –
non-communist country
 By 1962 Diem was incapable of controlling
the situation so US armed forces are settled
in south Vietnam
 US bombed north Vietnam
 North Vietnam- guerilla warfare
 US used bacteriological weapons
 End of the war 1976 North & South Vietnam
were formally united & independent

11. TOWARDS EUROPEAN UNION
 Council of Europe
 European Coal & Steel
Community(ECSC)
 European Economic
Community(EEC)
 Single European Act(SEA)
 European Union(EU)

12. FALL OF BERLIN WALL AND END
OF COLD WAR ERA
 Germany divided into two West(Federal
Republic of Germany) & East(German
Democratic Republic)
 West Berlin’s economy became
prosperous by Marshall plan
 East Berlin suffered from lack of
democracy & freedom, so people tried to
move to west
 In West Berlin, fear that the USSR could
use military force to take West Berlin

13. FALL OF BERLIN WALL AND END
OF COLD WAR ERA
 East German began to construct a wall in
1961
 Which virtually cut off West from East
 In the late 1980’s as USSR’s hold over
Eastern European countries was weakening,
a mass of people assembled on 9 November
1989 on both sides of the & demolish it
 Germany was officially reunited on 3 October
1990
 With the fall of the Berlin Wall, followed by
the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Cold
War era came to an end.

14. DISINTEGRATION OF THE SOVIET
UNION
 In the 1970’s & early 1980’s soviet Union
was a strong & dominated position in
international politics
 In the middle of the 1980’s 1/3 of the
GDP was going to the military
 It strained the USSR’S economy
 1991, 31 December USSR was no more