It is useful for Teachers and students of Degree of Education

2. Educational Issues-At
National And International
Level
SYED SHOAIB ALI

3. Introduction
Education without Quality is not Education at all in its true Spirit
and Letter.
SDG 4 is to: "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all“
To Accomplish this Goal, Some issues are being faced by
Educational Management of developing and developed
Countries of World.

4. EDUCATIONAL ISSUES AT NATIONAL LEVEL
IN PAKISTAN
The Lowest Education Budget
Lack of Uniformity
Directionless Education
Outdated Curriculum
Corruption
Lack of Faculty Training And Development
Lack of Policy Implementation

5. Dropout of Students
Faulty Examination System
Lack of Resources
Poor Supervision
No Government Funded School Transportation
Internal And External Influence

6. The Lowest Education Budget
The Lowest Budgetary allocation for Education in the south
Asian region.
The Current allocation for education is Rs 90.556 billion i.e.
1.7% of GDP for Fiscal Year 2022-2023 against Rs 91.970
billion i.e. 1.77% of GDP for the fiscal Year 2021-2022.
As per the recommendation of most UN Agencies, the
minimum allocation for education should be 4% of GDP.

7. Lack of Uniformity
Presence of multiple education systems each with
different medium of instructions, Curriculum and
Examination Systems i.e. Public, Private and Deeni
Madaris.
Graduates from these institutes have different thoughts
and therefore show different attitudes in their practical
life.
It is a hurdle in the path of National integrity, solidarity
and cohesion.

8. Directionless Education
Lack of Skill based Knowledge and market demand
in Education System.
Producing directionless minds having no skill,
creativity and critical thinking.
Resultantly, No employment for them.

9. Outdated Curricula
Pakistan's Curriculum does not meet the demand of the
current times.
Old and Traditional based on the rote learning.
Promoting the interest of learners for no practical
work,research,scientific knowledge and reflective practice.

10. Corruption
Embezzlement of funds.
Use of unfair means,nepotism,favouritism in
transfer,promotion,appointment and decision making.
Ghost schools and Teachers
According to Transparency international`s Corruption
Perception Index, Pakistan is among the highly corrupt
countries with a score of 28 and at a rank of 140 in the world.

11. Lack of faculty Training and
Professional Development
No Training or Lack of interest in training and professional
development courses on the part of both Government and
Teachers alike.
Embezzlement of funds for training
Poor induction
Lack of motivation among teachers
Lack of resources
Favoritism

12. Lack of Policy implementation
Factors contributing to the failure of educational
policy implementation are;
Poor communication
Policy evaluation mechanisms
Inadequate financial resources
Lack of political will
corruption

13. Dropout of Students
According to Unicef, Currently Pakistan has the
world`s second highest number of out-of-school
children(OOSC) with an estimated 22.8 million
children age 5-16 not attending school, representing
44% of the total population in this age group.
Child labor and Poverty
Unattractive school environment
Poor Parenting

14. Faulty Examination System
Based on the assessment of student`s power of rote
memorization and cramming.
None assessment of intellectual power of learners in the
education process such as critical thinking,reflection,analytical
skills etc.
Use of unfair means,bribery,cheating,issuance of duplicate mark
sheets, change of marks and answer sheets etc.

15. Lack of Resources
No proper libraries with physical space in public sector
institutions for students.
Overcrowded classrooms.
No labs
No playgrounds

16. Poor Supervision
The system of Supervision is aimless at all levels in
education system of Pakistan.
It is concerned with controlling and harassing the teachers
rather than providing help and guidance for improvement
of performance.

17. No Government Funded School
Transportation
Students have to walk many kilometers or use local transport
to reach their schools and colleges in Pakistan.
Many children especially girls do not join schools or dropout
of it after a short period of time.
 Lack of Transportation

18. External and Internal Influence
Externally Education system has been hostage to
political interference.
Internally Bureaucratic manipulations.
Nepotism and favoritism in matters of transfer,
promotions and appointment.

19. RECOMMENDATIONS
EDUCATION MUST BE THE FOREMOST PRIORITY OF GOVERNMENT.
INCREASE ALLOCATION FOR EDUCATION SECTOR AT LEAST UP TO 4% AS PER THE RECOMMENDATION
OF UN AGENCIES.
TO ACHIEVE UNIFORMITY, INTRODUCE MINIMUM STANDARDS AND SINGLE NATIONAL CURRICULUM.
PERIODIC CURRICULUM REVISION INSTEAD OF REVISION ATTEMPTS ON AD-HOC BASIS.
ENSURE STRONG AND FAIR SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTABILITY.
ORGANIZE WELL-EQUIPPED TEACHERS TRAINING INSTITUTIONS.
BUILD A GOOD SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY BETWEEN POLICYMAKER AND
POLICY IMPLEMENTERS.
PROVIDE ACCESSIBLE SCHOOLS WITH ATTRACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT.

20. INTRODUCE CHILD-LABOR-SPECIFIC WELFARE PROGRAMS IN ORDER TO STOP
ALARMING DROPOUTS.
EXAMINATION SYSTEM MUST BE BASED ON QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
TECHNIQUES IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF STUDENT
PERFORMANCE.
DESIGN MONITORING FRAMEWORK AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN ORDER TO TACKLE THE
ISSUE OF POOR SUPERVISION.
DEVELOP A NETWORK OF TRANSPORTATION FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE STUDENTS
IN COLLABORATION WITH WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS.
THE JUDICIARY AND ACCOUNTABILITY BUREAUS SHOULD PLAY THEIR ROLE IN
MAKING EDUCATION SYSTEM FREE FROM EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL INFLUENCE.

21. EDUCATIONAL ISSUES AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
One in six adults on the planet can not read or write. 600 million
women and 300 million men,99% of them in the developing
countries, remain illiterate.
Lack of funding for Education
Alarming Dropouts of school
Teacher Crisis and learning crisis
Lack of resources

22. Lack of Funding For Education
 Foreign Aid to developing countries is only 20%.
 There is a 39 billion dollars gap in developing countries to
provide quality education to all children by 2030.
 Need more foreign aid to accomplish SDG-4.

23. Dropouts of School
 Some 115 million children between six and eleven-one in
five-are not in school in developing countries.
 One in four drops out before completing five years of
basic education.

24. Teacher Crisis and Learning Crisis
 Not enough teachers to achieve universal primary or secondary education target.
 Currently most working teachers are untrained.
 Children are not receiving a proper education.
 130 million School going children having a lack of learning basic skills like reading,
writing and math—learning crisis.
 Globally the UN estimates that 69 million new teachers are required to achieve
universal primary and secondary education target by 2030.
 In 1 out of every 3 countries, less than three –quarters of teachers are trained to
national standards.

25. Lack of Resources
Learning without the right environment is not possible
 Overcrowded classrooms for instance in Malawi there are an average of 130
children per classroom in first grade.
 Out dated and worn-out textbooks are often shared by six or more students in
many parts of the world.
 In Tanzania ,only 3.5% of all sixth grade pupils have sole use of a reading textbooks.
 In Cameroon,11 primary school students for every reading text book in second
grade.

26. RECOMMENDATIONS
REDUCE THE COST OF EDUCATION AS LOW AS POSSIBLE.
PROVIDE SCHOOL LUNCH TO SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN.
PARENTS MUST BE EDUCATED ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION.
ENSURE REQUIRED NUMBER OF TEACHERS AND FULLY TRAINED TEACHERS TO
IMPROVE LEARNING CRISIS.
ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES.