PPT on Marginalization

1. PAPER - 1
UNDERSTANDING LEARNER &
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Submitted by:
● Swayam
● RollNo.: 1
● B.Ed (Sem 1)
LILY SWORDS METHODIST
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Submitted to:
● Prof. Neha Sharma

2. TOPIC:
➢ MARGINALIZATION WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
GENDER EQUALITY

3. The Marginalization

4. INTRODUCTION
Let’s know about Marginalization !
Marginalization, also referred to
as social exclusion, occurs when
certain groups of people get
denied access to areas of
society. Many factors can lead
to this denial of access to
institutions and opportunities,
including historical bias and lack
of funding.

5. DEFINITION
Let’s define Marginalization !
● Peter Leonard defines mardity
as, ". . .being outside the
mainstream of productive
activity andlor social
reproductive activity''.
● Merriam-Webster's online
dictionary definition of the tenn,
marginalize, is "to relegate to an
unimportant, or powerless
position within a society or
group"

6. Types of MARGINALIZATION
1. Social Marginalization
2. Economic Marginalization
3. Political Marginalization

7. Social
Marginalization
…..happens in society
As global capitalism extends its
reach, bringing more and more
people into its system, more
communities are dispossessed of
lands, livelihoods, or systems of
social support.
When someone can’t participate
in everyday leisure activities,
it’s known as social
marginalization. Denial of
access to clubs and
organizations is an example of
social marginalization.

8. Economic
Marginalization
…..the money matters here
Economic marginalization refers
to disparities in amassing
wealth or getting a job. For
example, many forms of
employment marginalize racial
minorities due to harmful
stereotypes about what types of
people make good managers or
workers.

9. Political
Marginalization
…..politics here also !
Politically marginalized
communities struggle to
participate in parts of the civic
process, like voting or gaining
access to their political
representatives. Jim Crow–era
laws that prevented Black
Americans from voting were
examples of political
marginalization.

10. Marginalized Communities in India
Adivasis- Literally "original dwellers" - are communities that have lived, and
frequently still live, in close proximity to woods.
Scheduled Castes- Scheduled castes are Hindu caste sub-communities that have
historically endured deprivation, discrimination, and social isolation in India due
to their perceived 'poor status.'
Schedule Tribes - According to the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes,
India has over 700 Scheduled Tribes. The definition for "Scheduled Tribes" has
been kept from the 1931 Census, just like the term for Scheduled Castes, which
was carried over from British-era legislation.

11. GENDER
INEQUALITY

12. Gender discrimination means any exclusion
or restriction made on the basis of gender
that creates barriers for girls, boys, women
and/or men in recognizing, enjoying or
exercising their full and equal human rights.
Gender equality is a fundamental human right
and that right is violated by gender-based
discrimination. Gender disparity starts in
childhood and is right now limiting the lifelong
potential of children around the world –
disproportionately affecting girls.
Example of Gender Inequality
● In Afghanistan, Girls are not allowed
to go to Schools.
● In Saudi Arabia, Girls are not allowed
to drive Cars.
● The prevalence of sexual assault and
violence against women is deep and
systemic, making it one of the most
important examples of gender
inequality.
What is Gender Inequality???

13. Is gender
discrimination
against the law?
What does our constitution says?
The Indian Constitution does
not explicitly guarantee gender
equality. However, several
amendments have been made to
the Constitution to ensure that
women are treated equally in
accordance with the law. The
protection of women from all
forms of discrimination is
considered a fundamental right.

14. TYPES OF GENDER INEQUALITY
Special Opportunity Inequality: Women lack basic facilities such as access to work
opportunities, basic education, higher education, etc.
Basic-Facility Inequality: Even when demographic characteristics do not reveal much or any
anti-female bias activities, there are other ways in which women are treated unfairly. As
mentioned before, several inequalities and injustices go unreported in the name of pride, honour,
and respect.
Household inequality: There are fundamental inequalities in gender relations within the family
or a household. Even when there are no visible signs of anti-female activities in a family or
house such as the preference for a son, female infanticide, etc., women are discriminated against
when they want to work or live independently.

15. TYPES OF GENDER INEQUALITY
Mortality Inequality: This is the inequality between men and women in terms of the mortality
rate. India has a higher female infant mortality rate, leading men to be in a greater number in
the overall population. Women in Indian society receive little or no healthcare and nutrition in
comparison to men.
Natality Inequality: In this type of inequality, boys are given a preference over girls. It is
observed in many male-dominated societies. It starts with parents wanting their newborn to be a
boy rather than a girl. Sex-selective abortions are common in India due to the availability of
modern techniques for determining the gender of the fetus despite of being a highly punishable
act.
Employment Inequality: In terms of employment and promotions, women frequently face
discrimination. Men are given priority over women in terms of job opportunities and pay scales.

16. Article 243 D –
Women
Empowerment in
the Domain of
Governance
In Governance this inequality
was visible, after decades of
independence. Hence, Article
243 D of the Constitution
provides provision of 33 percent
reservation for women in the
Panchayati Raj Institutions and
33 percent of the office of
chairpersons will be reserved for
women.

17. Advancement of Women – Strategies
Strategies for the advancement of women should be
1. Higher literacy,
2. More formal education
3. Greater employment opportunity.
In education, it needs to be reducing primary and secondary dropout of a female child. Women
learners should educate their children which further enhances social advancement. For better
job opportunities reservations could be provided or special provisions. In governance, all rights
and all legal measures should be available for women’s protection and support.

18. Conclusion
– For every problem, there is a solution. To reduce gender inequality in India, the
government should provide girls with free higher education to empower them.
– The government should also provide them with opportunities to participate in active
politics and social activities to facilitate their social integration into society. It should develop
stringent government policies for gender equality in India to prevent sex identification and
abortions.
– Non-government organisations (NGOs) can play a significant role in eliminating gender
inequality in India. Policies should be made to increase social welfare development.
– Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao” campaign can be successful
if society’s attitude toward women changes on a micro-level.