In recent times, the concept of integrated nutrient management (INM) system or integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) has been receiving increasing attention worldwide. The main principle of INM is to maximize the use of organic inputs while minimizing nutrient losses and to make supplementary use of chemical fertilizers. Good practices for INM often involve a combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Solanaceous vegetables (tomato, eggplant, hot and bell peppers) require large quantities of nutrients to yield well. The majority of the nutrients in fruits are absorbed after flowering occurs. Because vegetative and reproductive stages overlap in these crops and because the plants need nutrients even up to fruit ripening, fertigation, split application of fertilizers, slow-release N fertilizers and integrated use of inorganic and organic nutrient sources promote nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity.

1. CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Agriculture is supreme wealth
Swagat Ranjan Behera
2021A132M
2nd Year, M. Sc. Vegetable Science
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT
MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF
SOLANACEOUS FRUIT VEGETABLES
MASTER’S SEMINAR (VSC 591)

2. CCS
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Agricultural
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❖Solanaceous fruit vegetables
❖Production scenario of solanaceous fruit vegetables
❖Nutrient requirements of solanaceous fruit vegetables
❖What is Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)?
❖Why INM matters?
❖Principles of INM
❖Components of INM
❖Advantages of INM
❖Research findings
❖Constraints of INM
❖Conclusion
❖Future development of INM
T CONTENTS

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This group includes important vegetables, namely:
xss
SOLANACEOUS FRUIT VEGETABLES
Tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum)
Brinjal
(Solanum melongena)
Chilli
(Capsicum annuum var. longum)
Capsicum
(Capsicum annuum var. grossum)
1

4. CCS
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xss PRODUCTION SCENARIO OF
SOLANACEOUS FRUIT VEGETABLES (2021-22)
Solanaceous
fruit vegetables
India Haryana
Area
(‘000 ha)
Production
(‘000 MT)
Area
(‘000 ha)
Production
(‘000 MT)
Tomato 840.33 20331.43 18.91 397.00
Brinjal 752.79 13023.23 8.63 146.15
Chilli 417.82 4504.94 11.06 114.46
Capsicum 37.55 556.30 3.74 44.99
Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, GoI
2

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• Solanaceous fruit vegetables (tomato, eggplant, hot and bell peppers) require large
quantities of nutrients to yield well.
• To produce a tonne of fresh fruit, the crops need to absorb, on average, 2.5 to 3 kg N, 0.2 to
0.3 kg P and 3 to 3.5 kg K in tomato; 3 to 3.5 kg N, 0.2 to 0.3 kg P and 2.5 to 3 kg K in
eggplant; and 3 to 3.5 kg N, 0.8 to 1 kg P and 5 to 6 kg K in hot and bell peppers.
• Fruits and fruiting parts in this group of vegetables contain 45 to 60% of the total N, 50 to
60% of the total P and 55 to 70% of the total K absorbed by the plants.
• The major proportion of the nutrients in fruits are absorbed after flowering occurs.
• Tomato and peppers use only a small proportion of the N available from inorganic sources.
Eggplant, however, is very effective in making use of plant nutrients already available in the
soil.
• Because vegetative and reproductive stages overlap in these crops, and because the
plants need nutrients even up to fruit ripening, fertigation, split application of fertilizers, slow
release N fertilizers and integrated use of inorganic and organic nutrient sources
promote nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity.
T NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF SOLANACEOUS FRUIT
VEGETABLES
Hegde, 1997
3

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• Integrated nutrient management (INM) is defined as “maintenance or adjustment of
soil fertility and supply of plant nutrient to an optimum level for sustaining the
desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible resources
of plant nutrients in an integrated manner”.
• Primarily, INM refers to combining old and modern methods of nutrient
management into ecologically sound and economically optimal farming system that
uses the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological
components/substances in a judicious, efficient and integrated manner.
• INM involves the use of manures, chemical fertilizers and biological agents to achieve
sustainable crop production and improved soil health.
TWHAT IS INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
(INM)?
Roy and Ange, 1991
Janssen, 1993
4

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DATA STORY: State of India’s soil
DATA STORY: State of India’s soil
T WHY INM MATTERS?
Increasing population and
reduction in available land
Intensive agriculture
Reduced soil fertility
Negative nutrient balance
Declining productivity and sustainability
Need for INM
Over-use of chemical fertilizers
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
(MOSPI)
5

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The concept of nutrient management has assumed greater significance in the recent
years because of two reasons:
• First, the need for continued increase in agricultural production and
productivity requires growing application of nutrients, and the present level of
fertilizer production in India is not enough to meet the entire plant nutrient
requirement.
• Second, a large number of experiments on INM, particularly long-term experiments
(LTEs) conducted in India or elsewhere reveal that neither the fertilizers nor the
organic sources in isolation can achieve sustained production under
intensive cropping.
T WHY INM MATTERS?
Hegde and Dwivedi, 1993
6

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PRINCIPLES OF INM
Using all possible sources of nutrients to optimize their input
Reducing N losses, while improving the crop yield.
Matching the soil nutrient supply with crop demand spatially and
temporally
7

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xss COMPONENTS OF INM
8
INM
Chemical
fertilizers
Organic
manures
Legumes
and green
manure
Bio-
fertilizers
Crop
residues

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xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
1. Chemical fertilizers
Fertilizers
Straight fertilizers Mixed fertilizers Complex fertilizers
Nitrogenous, e.g.,
Urea (46% N)
Phosphatic, e.g.,
SSP (16% P2O5)
Potassic, e.g.,
MOP (60% K2O)
Complete, e.g.,
IFFCO (10-26-26)
Incomplete, e.g.,
DAP (18-46-0)
9

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• Fertilizers continue to be the most important ingredient of INM and the
dependence on fertilizers has been increasing constantly.
• Nonetheless, fertilizer consumption is not only inadequate but also
imbalanced. The N:P2O5:K2O use ratio is quite wide whereas application of K, S and
micronutrients is often ignored.
• Domestic fertilizer production is inadequate to meet the requirements and the
situation is not likely to improve in the near future.
• Utilization of fertilizer nutrients by the crops vary from 30-50% in case of N, 15-
20% in case of P and less than 5% in case of micronutrients. Thus,
substantial amount of applied nutrients is lost through various pathways.
• Enhancing nutrient use efficiency should, therefore, be a prioritized area of
research for restoration and improvement of soil health and minimizing the cost of
crop production.
xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
1. Chemical fertilizers
10

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• Compost and FYM have traditionally been the important manures for maintaining soil
fertility and ensuring yield stability. Other potential organic sources of nutrients are
non-edible oil cakes, animal wastes and animal meals.
• These nutrient sources are bulky in nature with low nutrient content and short
in supply; hence, have lost their relative importance over time in crop production.
• Organic manures not only supply macro and micronutrients, but also help improving
the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils. These manures, besides
supplying nutrients to the first crop, also leave substantial residual effect on
succeeding crops in the system.
• As fertilizer use in most areas is sub-optimal, organic resources can supplement
available fertilizer supplies.
• About 25% nutrient needs of Indian agriculture can be met by utilizing various
organic sources.
xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
2. Organic manures
11

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xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
2. Organic manures
Farmyard manure Poultry manure Goat manure Vermicompost Paper mill sludge
Neem cake Mustard cake Bone meal Fish meal
12

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• Legumes can fix atmospheric N to the extent of 50-500 kg N ha-1 before the plant
starts flowering (about 40-60 days growth).
• The residues of legumes after harvest of grain contain 25-100 kg N ha-1, which is
released at a steady rate when incorporated because of optimum lignin content.
• Nitrogen fixation by natural means cuts down on the use of fertilizers. This not
only saves money but helps to prevent many problems brought about by excessive
use of N fertilizers.
• The deep rooted legumes also have the potential to recycle subsoil nutrients to
the benefit of the succeeding crops in the cropping system.
• Green manuring with legumes enriches soil N due to fixation of atmospheric N.
• Sunnhemp (Crotolaria juncea) and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) are the most
important common green manure crops.
xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
3. Legumes and green manure
13

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• Bio-fertilizers are the ready-to-use formulations containing living or latent cells of
agriculturally beneficial microorganisms that play an important role in
improving soil fertility and crop productivity.
• Bacterial cultures like Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Azotobacter have the ability to fix
atmospheric N which in turn increases N supply to the crops.
• Bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas and Bacillus species and fungal culture of
Aspergillus species help to convert insoluble P into plant-usable forms and,
thus, improve phosphate availability to the crops. Similarly, fungi like vesicular
arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) increase nutrient uptake particularly that of P due to
increased contact of roots with larger soil volume.
xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
4. Bio-fertilizers
14

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COMPONENTS OF INM
4. Bio-fertilizers
Methods of application of bio-fertilizers
Seed treatment
Seedling root treatment
Sett/Cutting treatment
Soil treatment
Application on standing crop
15

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• Crop residue is that material left after harvesting the crop and processing the crop
into usable resources.
• Crop residues have several competitive uses and may not be always available as an
ingredient of INM, yet in the regions like North-West India where mechanical
harvesting is practiced, a sizeable quantity of residues is left in the field, which
can form a part of nutrient supply.
• Recycling of these residues back to fields helps to build stable organic matter in
the soil, as also to sustain crop yield levels.
• There is, however, need to evolve appropriate management practices to make use of
the stubbles, residues and other on-farm and off-farm biomass.
xss
COMPONENTS OF INM
5. Crop residues
16

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COMPONENTS OF INM
5. Crop residues
Crop residue
Field residue Processed residue
17

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ADVANTAGES OF INM
Restoration and sustenance
of soil fertility and
crop productivity
Prevention of secondary and
micronutrient deficiencies
Economizing in fertilizer
use and improvement in
nutrient use efficiency
Favourable effect on the
physical, chemical and
biological health of soils
18

21. CCS
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Research Findings

22. CCS
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Table 1: Effect of integrated nutrient management on
several growth and yield parameters of tomato cv. Arka Rakshak
CUTM, Paralakhemundi, Odisha Charishma et al., 2022
Crop Research
Treatments
Plant
height
(cm)
(30 DAT)
No. of
primary
branches
Days to first
flowering
from date of
transplanting
Days to first
fruit set from
date of
transplanting
Days to
first
harvest
No. of
fruits per
plant
Fruit
length
(cm)
Fruit
diameter
(mm)
Fruit
weight
(g)
Total
fruit
yield
(t ha-1)
T1: 100% RDN 78.00 4.60 25.00 31.33 82.33 58.33 6.04 5.13 102.09 25.03
T2: 75% RDN + 25% N through
vermicompost (VC)
73.40 3.33 30.00 36.00 85.66 43.33 5.64 4.76 84.02 22.42
T3: 75% RDN + 25% N through
farmyard manure (FYM)
73.46 3.51 29.00 36.00 85.00 46.00 5.69 4.86 87.54 23.16
T4: 50% RDN + 50% N through VC 74.03 3.66 27.33 34.66 84.66 49.66 5.84 4.95 90.73 23.43
T5: 50% RDN + 50% N through
FYM
75.36 3.80 26.42 33.66 84.33 52.00 5.86 5.00 91.51 24.40
T6: 50% RDN + 50% N through VC
+ BFs (Biofertilizers, i.e.,
Azotobacter and Azospirillum),
77.73 4.14 25.84 32.66 83.00 54.00 5.91 5.03 98.94 24.89
T7: 50% RDN + 50% N Through
FYM + BFs
77.96 4.77 23.66 30.66 83.00 58.66 6.09 5.09 104.09 26.73
T8: 50% RDN + 25% N Through VC
+ 25% N through FYM
79.80 5.06 23.00 30.33 78.33 60.66 6.13 5.16 106.64 28.70
T9: Control 66.33 2.66 31.33 37.26 86.33 41.00 5.51 4.68 74.64 20.68
C.D. (p=0.05) 5.76 - 2.38 3.31 4.56 4.50 0.13 0.22 5.34 1.07
19

23. CCS
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Table 2: Effect of integrated nutrient management on
growth and yield of tomato cv. Pusa Ruby
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Kumar et al., 2017
Plant Archives
Treatments
Plant
height
(cm)
No. of
branches
per plant
No. of days
to first
flowering
No. of
flowers
per plant
No. of
fruits
per plant
Fruit
diameter
(mm)
Fruit
weight
(g)
Fruit
yield
(q ha-1)
T0: Control 25.52 4.75 37.72 24.64 10.69 41.94 41.87 301.58
T1: RDF 100% 25.33 5.55 36.77 29.10 12.87 45.40 46.79 306.04
T2: FYM 100% 26.09 5.16 36.52 31.05 11.85 44.96 43.69 361.91
T3: Azotobacter 100% 26.22 5.85 36.62 32.13 12.14 47.18 50.93 373.01
T4: Azospirillum 100% 25.54 5.74 36.43 34.56 12.00 48.28 51.30 419.40
T5: RDF 50% + FYM 50% 26.97 5.24 36.32 29.66 12.33 47.98 51.69 426.78
T6: RDF 50% + Azotobacter 50% 26.03 5.55 36.55 28.02 11.91 47.94 50.78 401.41
T7: RDF 50% + Azospirillum 50% 26.11 6.06 37.03 35.44 11.34 52.95 56.74 469.92
T8: FYM 50% + Azospirillum 50% 27.79 5.75 36.82 36.73 12.37 53.51 57.46 402.85
T9: FYM 50% + Azotobacter 50% 28.90 6.07 36.61 35.65 11.48 56.61 58.29 383.81
T10: Azotobacter 50%+ Azospirillum 50% 27.98 5.88 36.27 36.33 11.92 58.76 66.92 365.54
T11: RDF 25% + FYM 25% +
Azotobacter 25% + Azospirillum 25%
30.53 7.04 32.44 39.34 12.95 60.69 68.28 482.47
C.D. at 5% 2.638 0.737 2.146 4.631 0.902 5.306 5.285 84.456
20

24. CCS
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Table 3: Effect of different treatments of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers
on morphological characters and yield parameters of tomato cv. NS2535
Treatments
Plant
height
(cm)
(90 DAT)
Days to
50%
flowering
No. of
flowers
per plant
Days to
first
fruiting
No. of
fruits
per
cluster
Fruit
length
(cm)
Fruit
diameter
(cm)
Weight
of fruit
(g)
Fruit
yield
(q ha-1)
T1: Neem cake (50%) +
Vermicompost (50%) + PSB +
Azospirillum
120.35 48.68 35.57 51.83 8.74 6.13 18.20 89.20 261.97
T2: Neem cake (50%) + FYM
(50%) + PSB + Azospirillum
115.60 54.47 32.33 56.47 7.03 4.94 14.13 63.67 225.69
T3: Neem cake (50%) + Poultry
manure (50%) + PSB +
Azospirillum
125.34 50.70 45.20 53.87 9.20 5.03 15.77 69.27 323.30
T4: Neem cake (25%) +
Vermicompost (25%) + FYM
(25%) + Poultry manure (25%) +
PSB + Azospirillum
130.60 52.93 42.60 55.69 8.27 4.78 14.07 58.80 274.81
T5: 75% RDF + 25% of RDF T4 142.35 44.75 53.77 47.76 10.20 6.07 17.27 84.10 359.95
T6: 50% RDF + 50% of RDF T4 135.43 46.67 46.53 49.77 9.03 5.77 17.03 79.13 297.76
T7: 100 % RDF (180:100:60 NPK) 144.10 43.53 52.13 45.73 10.23 5.67 15.70 74.20 348.85
T8: Control 110.63 56.90 29.33 59.80 6.97 4.67 13.27 54.17 170.29
C.D. at 5% 1.86 1.23 1.72 1.60 1.50 0.65 1.31 0.67 2.11
Indore, Madhya Pradesh Parmar et al., 2019
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Photochemistry
21

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Table 4: Effect of different treatment combinations of INM on
growth and yield attributes of spiny brinjal cv. VRM (Br)-1
Vellore, Tamil Nadu Kumar et al., 2021
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Treatments
Plant
height
(cm)
Stem
girth
(cm)
No. of
primary
branches
No. of
flowers
per plant
No. of
fruits
per plant
Fruit
girth
(cm)
Fruit
weight
(g)
Fruit
yield
(t/ha)
T1: RDF of NPK (100:50:30 kg/ha)
(Control)
84.77 4.01 4.63 42.33 19.53 12.56 4.48 34.16
T2: FYM (25 t/ha) 77.66 3.10 3.86 42.03 19.11 12.52 4.47 33.28
T3: Humic acid (20 kg/ha) 87.71 4.12 4.73 42.43 19.48 12.64 4.53 34.60
T4: RDF of NPK + FYM 85.88 4.85 5.66 48.03 21.66 17.76 5.87 40.99
T5: Humic acid + RDF of NPK 88.75 4.41 6.29 48.06 21.73 17.80 5.96 41.26
T6: Azospirillum (2 kg/ha) 84.96 4.37 5.19 42.29 20.79 14.86 4.88 37.42
T7: Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha) 84.87 4.30 5.23 42.29 20.63 14.84 4.92 37.39
T8: Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria 88.61 6.97 6.59 45.33 20.95 16.93 5.11 38.57
T9: 75% RDF of N + 100% RDF of P &
K + Azospirillum
91.95 8.35 9.26 50.20 22.31 18.65 6.62 41.41
T10: 75% RDF of P + 100% RDF of N &
K + Phosphobacteria
91.69 7.30 8.96 50.36 22.28 18.62 6.46 41.33
T11: 75% RDF of N & P + 100% RDF of
K + Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria
99.36 8.02 11.93 53.33 23.60 18.68 6.70 43.98
C.D. at 5% 1.95 0.23 0.38 1.49 0.448 0.73 0.19 1.08
22

26. CCS
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Table 5: Effect of integrated nutrient management on
growth and yield of brinjal cv. Bandhtivare
BSKKV, Dapoli, Maharashtra Raut et al., 2018
International Journal of Chemical Studies
Treatments
Plant height (cm) No. of leaves No. of branches Fresh weight (g)
Yield
(t/ha)
60
DAT
90
DAT
After
harvest
60
DAT
90
DAT
After
harvest
60
DAT
90
DAT
After
harvest
60
DAT
90
DAT
After
harvest
T1: Control (No NPK) 37.53 57.33 77.45 26.7 41.6 73.9 1.80 3.00 6.07 108.67 136.00 190.10 13.34
T2: 100% RDN through FYM 45.07 69.33 88.12 33.7 49.3 84.2 3.40 5.13 8.27 132.00 176.00 222.20 19.05
T3: 100% RDN through VC 49.33 70.53 91.65 36.9 52.2 87.7 3.47 5.60 9.20 134.00 186.67 237.03 21.43
T4: 100% RDF through inorganic
fertilizers
53.00 70.07 93.19 43.7 57.4 95.3 4.67 5.33 7.67 159.33 183.33 266.13 17.29
T5: 80% RDF through inorganic
fertilizers
52.67 67.83 87.62 33.5 48.4 92.3 3.13 4.67 7.53 130.67 169.33 239.17 15.24
T6: 25%RDF + 75% RDN through FYM 58.33 84.67 102.12 49.3 72.7 100.2 4.27 6.13 10.17 172.67 234.00 323.23 24.68
T7: 50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM 53.60 80.00 97.45 43.9 64.9 95.9 3.53 5.73 9.67 143.33 215.33 310.77 23.46
T8: 75% RDF + 25% RDN through FYM 51.73 71.00 89.79 37.8 57.5 92.3 3.20 5.27 9.00 135.33 204.67 286.87 20.92
T9: 25% RDF + 75% RDN through VC 61.53 85.40 104.19 51.0 73.9 103.9 4.87 6.40 10.73 184.67 236.00 329.05 26.83
T10: 50% RDF + 50% RDN through VC 58.33 83.27 99.39 44.9 67.9 99.2 4.33 5.87 9.73 169.33 221.67 315.73 24.66
T11: 75% RDF + 25% RDN through VC 50.93 76.27 96.72 39.6 61.1 92.9 3.60 5.03 9.13 150.67 217.33 309.60 22.58
C.D. (p=0.05) 7.73 8.27 10.96 6.07 16.13 11.07 1.1 1.00 1.40 26.23 19.88 14.66 2.14
23

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Table 6: Effect of integrated nutrient management on
yield of brinjal
Balaghat, M.P. Paswan et al., 2022
International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science
Treatments
No. of fruits
per plant
Length of
fruit (cm)
Diameter of
fruit (cm)
Weight of
fruit (g)
Fruit yield
per hectare
(q)
T1: 100% NPK ( Recommended dose, i.e.,
100:60:30 NPK/ha)
19.08 9.30 8.69 141.63 380.00
T2: 75 % NPK + 25 % N through FYM 18.04 8.22 7.64 135.48 330.00
T3: 75 % NPK + 25 % N through Vermicompost
(VC)
18.64 8.90 8.24 138.60 379.00
T4: 50 % NPK + 50 % N through FYM +
Azotobacter + PSB
16.51 7.00 6.84 133.00 266.00
T5: 50% NPK + 50 % N through VC +
Azotobacter + PSB
17.49 7.54 7.04 134.47 329.00
T6: 100% NPK + 25 % N through VC 20.52 10.80 9.49 146.19 478.00
T7: 100% NPK + 25 % N through FYM 19.78 10.15 9.14 143.00 421.00
T8: Local control 16.05 6.87 6.25 130.75 181.00
C.D. (5%) 2.83 1.51 1.55 9.71 62.02
24

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Table 7: Effect of different combination source of nitrogen on
growth and yield attributing characters of chilli cv. Arka Harita
Treatments
First
flowering
(days)
First
fruiting
(days)
Plant
height (cm)
Primary
branches
(no.)
No. of
fruits
(plant-1)
Fruit
length
(cm)
Yield
(kg ha-1)
T1: Control 57.00 60.00 47.33 3 39.00 7.03 6204.9
T2: RDF (NPK) 100% 54.00 58.00 60.67 5 72.00 8.45 13390.9
T3: 50% RDF + 50% N
through FYM
54.00 58.00 60.18 5 70.00 8.15 11958.4
T4: 25% RDF + 75% N
through FYM
55.00 59.00 58.89 4 67.00 8.62 11285.0
T5: 50% RDF + 50% N
through vermicompost
(VC)
53.00 58.00 63.33 7 74.00 9.21 14511.4
T6: 25% RDF + 75% N
through VC
55.00 58.00 60.07 4 71.00 8.80 11561.3
T7: 100% N through FYM 56.00 60.00 51.38 5 61.00 7.90 9253.7
T8: 100% N through VC 56.00 60.00 55.11 6 62.00 8.13 10214.4
C.D. (p=0.05) 1.35 4.85 6.99 0.99 - 1.04 1377.703
CHES, Bhubaneswar, Odisha Behera et al., 2020
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
25

29. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
Table 8: Mean effect of integrated nutrient management on vegetative growth,
flowering and yield of chilli var. Beladanga
Treatments
Plant height
(cm)
No. of
branches per
plant
Days taken for
first flowering
No. of flowers
per plant
No. of fruits
per plant
Fruit weight
(g)
Fruit yield
(q/ha)
T1: 25% N (CM) + 75% N (IN) 61.78 9.72 44.50 180.60 99.00 4.60 113.85
T2: 50% N (CM) + 50% N (IN) 61.77 10.23 50.00 162.20 85.00 4.80 102.00
T3: 75% N (CM) + 25% N (IN) 60.11 9.97 47.00 160.00 80.00 4.20 84.00
T4: 25% N (NC) + 75% N (IN) 61.19 9.92 47.00 200.00 116.0 5.20 150.80
T5: 50% N (NC) + 50% N (IN) 61.77 10.20 44.00 205.60 120.0 5.60 168.00
T6: 75% N (NC) + 25% N (IN) 62.87 10.04 45.50 198.60 119.0 5.10 151.72
T7: 25% N (PM) + 75% N (IN) 59.32 10.28 47.50 182.60 93.00 4.20 97.65
T8: 50% N (PM) + 50% N (IN) 60.86 12.75 46.50 178.60 93.00 4.40 102.30
T9: 75% N (PM) + 25% N (IN) 61.73 11.50 44.50 172.20 79.00 4.10 80.97
T10: 25% N (VC) + 75% N (IN) 61.43 11.56 44.00 250.20 150.0 6.80 227.50
T11: 50% N (VC) + 50% N (IN) 63.86 12.98 46.00 260.20 161.0 7.00 250.75
T12: 75% N (VC) + 25% N (IN) 62.89 12.40 46.50 256.40 148.0 6.80 245.50
T13: 25% N (PC) + 75% N (IN) 59.87 10.65 43.50 120.60 57.00 5.20 74.10
T14: 50% N (PC) + 50% N (IN) 59.34 11.10 50.00 130.20 59.00 5.80 85.55
T15: 75% N (PC) + 25% N (IN) 60.85 10.78 46.00 142.20 64.00 6.00 96.00
T16: 25% N (MC) + 75% N (IN) 61.02 11.08 44.50 166.80 106.0 5.60 148.25
T17: 50% N (MC) + 50% N (IN) 62.00 11.35 45.50 176.80 116.0 5.20 150.75
T18: 75% N (MC) + 25% N (IN) 59.03 11.16 44.50 172.20 115.0 5.40 155.25
T19: Control 58.72 9.72 46.00 150.40 78.00 4.00 48.00
C.D. (p=0.05) 1.040 0.550 2.085 4.190 5.945 0.470 10.30
Purba Medinipur, W.B. Karak et al., 2019
International Journal of Chemical Studies
CM: Cow dung manure, NC: Neem cake, PM: Poultry manure, VC: Vermicompost, PC: Phosphocompost, MC: Mustard Cake, IN: Inorganic Nitrogen (Urea)
26

30. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
Table 9: Effect of integrated nutrient management on
yield attributes of chilli cv. Kashi Anmol
Treatments
No. of fruits
per plant
Fruit length
(cm)
Fruit girth
(cm)
Average fruit
weight (g)
Yield (q/ha)
T1: FYM @ 12.5 t/ha + Azotobacter 61.96 7.11 2.74 2.42 60.17
T2: Vermicompost @ 2 t/ha + Azotobacter 65.33 7.20 2.78 2.46 66.50
T3: Recommended NPK + Vermicompost @ 2 t/ha +
Azotobacter
75.83 8.58 3.28 3.80 106.63
T4: Recommended NPK + FYM @ 12.5 t/ ha +
Azotobacter
71.23 7.99 3.18 3.54 101.50
T5: 50% NPK + FYM @ 12.5 t/ha + Vermicompost @
2 t/ha + Azotobacter
73.10 7.84 3.02 3.42 105.40
T6: 50% NPK + Azotobacter 64.33 6.48 2.81 2.55 65.78
T7: 50% NPK + Vermicompost @ 2 t/ha +
Azotobacter
70.00 7.90 3.11 2.94 89.11
T8: 50% NPK + FYM @ 12.5 t/ha + Azotobacter 66.00 7.56 2.97 2.79 67.13
T9: FYM @ 25 t/ha 57.27 6.84 2.56 2.31 49.22
T10: Azotobacter (500 g/ha) 50.68 6.12 2.51 2.18 42.21
T11: Recommended NPK (62.5:30:30) kg/ha 70.33 7.98 3.16 3.20 85.25
T12: Vermicompost @ 4 t/ha 62.17 7.09 2.73 2.38 62.72
T13: Control 50.33 5.63 2.47 1.94 41.56
C.D. (p=0.05) 3.26 1.13 0.18 0.42 7.10
CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana Yugvinder et al., 2021
The Pharma Innovation Journal
27

31. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
Table 10: Effect of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the
morphological and yield parameters of chilli cv. Shandar
Treatments
Plant
height
(cm)
No. of
branches
per plant
No. of
flowers
per plant
No. of
fruits per
plant
Fruit
length
(cm)
Fresh
weight of
fruit (g)
Yield
(t ha-1)
T0: 100% RDF on the basis of
soil test
37.00 d 7.33 e 15.33 d 12.00 e 6.66 e 22.00 d 4.66 e
T1: 100% cow dung (15 t/ha) 34.66 e 6.00 e 13.33 e 10.00 f 5.83 f 19.00 e 4.25 f
T2: 100% cow dung
vermicompost (VC) (6 t/ha)
39.00 d 9.00 d 16.66 d 13.66 d 7.33 d 24.33 c 5.00 d
T3: 100% vermi-tea (VT) 41.33 c 11.00 c 18.33 c 15.33 c 8.00 c 25.66 c 5.25 c
T4: 33% cow dung + 33% VC
+ 34% VT
44.00 b 13.00 b 22.00 b 17.66 b 8.83 b 27.33 b 5.58 b
T5: 25% RDF+ 25% VC +
25% cow dung +
25% VT
46.33 a 14.66 a 24.00 a 19.33 a 10.00 a 30.33 a 6.20 a
LSD @ 0.05 2.14 1.52 1.43 1.44 0.56 1.51 0.22
Faisalabad, Pakistan Aslam et al., 2022
Pakistan Journal of Botany
28

32. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
Table 11: Effect of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on
growth and yield attributes of capsicum cv. California Wonder
Treatments
Plant
height
(cm)
Plant
spread
(cm)
Days to
50%
flowering
Days to
first
picking
Avg. fruit
weight
(g)
Fruit
length
(cm)
Fruit
diameter
(cm)
Number of
fruits per
plant
Fruit yield
(q ha-1)
T1: 100% RDF 51.93 36.2 49.93 81.13 84.33 8.49 5.78 9.07 283.2
T2: 50% RDF +
Azotobacter
45.18 30.99 54.93 87.73 74.32 7.42 4.44 7.93 223.9
T3: 75% RDF +
Azotobacter
46.02 31.02 53.87 87.27 75.72 7.61 4.93 8.2 229.95
T4: 50% RDF +
Vermicompost
46.15 31.31 52.73 86.2 77.91 8.1 5.19 8.4 242.41
T5: 75% RDF +
Vermicompost
51.54 35.56 51.07 82.33 80.66 8.22 5.32 8.6 258.84
T6: 50% RDF +
Azotobacter +
Vermicompost
47.42 33.01 51.73 83.93 86.28 8.58 5.66 9.2 293.97
T7: 75% RDF +
Azotobacter +
Vermicompost
52.49 36.74 49.6 80.87 86.52 9.28 6.27 9.8 303.38
C.D. (0.05) 1.35 1.2 0.84 0.93 0.99 0.45 0.31 0.4 15.39
Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab Raturi et al., 2019
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
29

33. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
CONSTRAINTS OF INM
1
Non-availability of good quality FYM
2 Less popularity of growing green manure crops
3 Improper practices followed for use of bio-fertilizers
4 Non-availability of soil testing facilities
5 High cost of chemical fertilizers
6 Non-availability of good quality water
7 Lack of knowledge and poor advisory services
8
High prices of improved seeds
30

34. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
• The integrated use of fertilizers, organic manures and green manures under pre-
dominant cropping system has a great potential to offset the heavy requirements of
fertilizers to achieve maximum yields.
• Working in a participatory mode is the need so as to enhance the production and
economic viability of millions of small holder farms currently struggling with declining
soil fertility and poor management of plant nutrients.
• Interaction of agricultural inputs leads to increase in crop productivity while
substantially reducing N losses and GHG emissions, judicious application of mineral
and organic fertilization with higher resource-use efficiency, enhance the soil-plant-
microbes-environmental sustainability which provides a “win–win” opportunity to
mankind.
CONCLUSION
31

35. CCS
Haryana
Agricultural
University,
Hisar
Agriculture
is
supreme
wealth
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF INM
Mass awareness
On-farm demonstrations
Combination of soil and plant analysis
Recycling of organic nutrient flows
New technological innovations
Appropriate policy interventions
32

36. CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Agriculture is supreme wealth
Everything else can wait,
agriculture can’t.
-Norman Borlaug
Thank you
CCSHAU is a member of the ICAR
36