This document discusses various railway terminology including: 1. Ballast, which is material placed between crossties and sub-ballast to hold the track in line and grade, and provides structural support, drainage, and load distribution. Common types of ballast include broken stone, gravel, ashes/cinders, and sand. 2. Rails, which are rolled steel sections laid end to end in two parallel lines over sleepers to form the railway track. Common types include double headed, flat footed, and bull headed rails. 3. Sleepers, which are transverse ties that support the rails and transmit wheel loads to the ballast. They can be wooden, metal like cast iron or steel,

1. G. H. RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
DEPARTMENT OF FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING
SUBJECT:- Basic of Transportation And Its
TOPIC:- Railway Terminology

2. RAILWAY ENGINEERING
• THE BRANCH OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WHICH DEALS WITH
THE DESIGN , CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE
RAILWAY TRACKS FOR SAFE AND EFFICIENT MOVEMENTS OF
TRAIN IS CALLED RAILWAY ENGINEERING.

3. RAILWAY TERMINOLOGY
1. BALLAST
2. RAILS
3. SLEEPERS
4. POINTS OF CROSSING

4. BALLAST
• BALLAST IN RAILROAD TERMINOLOGY IS DURABLE GRANULAR MATERIAL PLACED
BETWEEN THE CROSSTIE AND THE SUB BALLAST TO HOLD THE TRACK IN LINE AND
GRADE.
• THE PRIMARY PURPOSES OF BALLAST ARE:
To provide structural support for the track,
holding it in good line and surface
To distribute the load evenly to the ballast
and subgrade and thus help to provide
stability
Provide for drainage

5. TYPES OF BALLAST
• BROKEN STONE
• GRAVEL OR RIVER PEBBLES OR SHINGLE
• ASHES OR CINDERS
• SAND
• MOORAM
• KANKAR
• BRICK BALLAST
• BLAST FURNACE SLAG
• SELECTED EARTH

6. BALLAST SIZE
• FOR WOODEN SLEEPERS = 5.1 CM
• FOR STEEL SLEEPERS = 3.8 CM
• FOR UNDER SWITCHES & CROSSINGS = 2.54 CM

7. DOUBLE HEADED
RAILS (D.H. RAIL)
FLAT FOOTED
RAILS (EE RAIL)
BULL HEADED
RAILS (B.H. RAIL)
RAILS
•The rolled steel sections laid end to end in two parallel
lines over sleepers to form a railway track are known as
rails.

8. 1. DOUBLE HEADED RAIL
• THE RAILS HAVING THEIR FOOT OF
THE SAME DIMENSIOINS ARE
KNOWN AS DOUBLE HEADED RAIL
(D.H).

9. 2. FLAT FOOTED RAILS
• THE RAILS SECTION HAVING
THEIR FOOT ROLLED TO A
FLAT ARE KNOWN AS FLAT
FOOTED RAILS.

10. 2. BULL HEADED RAILS
• THE RAILS SECTION HAVING
THEIR HEAD OF MORE
DIMENSION THEN THAT OF
THEIR FOOT ARE KNOWN AS
BULL HEADED RAILS (B.H.).

11. RAIL JOINTS
• FISH PLATE JOINT
• FASTENERS JOINT
• SLIDE CHAIRS JOINT
• JUNCTION PLATE JOINT
• BEARING PLATE JOINT
• CHAIRS

12. FISH PLATE FASTEST JOINT
SLIDE CHAIR JOINT JUNCTION PLATE JOINT

13. BEARING PLATE CHAIRS

14. SLEEPERS
• SLEEPERS ARE THE TRANSVERSE TIES THAT ARE LAID TO SUPPORT THE
RAILS. THEY TRANSMIT WHEEL LOAD FROM THE RAILS TO THE
BALLAST.

15. CLASSIFICATION OF SLEEPERS
• WOODEN SLEEPER
• METAL SLEEPER
• CONCRETE SLEEPER
CAST IRON SLEEPER
STEEL SLEEPER
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLEEPER (R.C.C)
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SLEEPER

16. WOODEN SLEEPER METAL SLEEPER
CONCRETE SLEEPER

17. CROSSING
• A CROSSING IS A DEVICE WHICH PROVIDES TWO FLANGE WAYS
THROUGH WHICH THE WHEELS OF THE FLANGES WILL MOVE, WHEN
TWO RAILS INTERSECT EACH OTHER AT RIGHT ANGLE.

18. ACUTE ANGLE CROSSING
DIAMOND CROSSING
SQUARE CROSSING

19. THANK YOU