This presentation includes the basic method of clonal selection and its application in crops, its merits, and its demerits.

1. CLONAL SELECTION
Submitted by:
Sushrut Mohapatra
201222105

2. CLONE
Progeny of a single plant obtained
by asexual reproduction is known as
Clone
These are the crops which are
propagated by asexual or vegetative
means.

3. FEATURES OF CLONES
Homogenous constitution: Plants of a clone have similar genetic
constitution
Heterozygosity:They are highly heterozygous though phenotypically
similar
Lack of genetic variation: Phenotypically variation present within a clone
is due to environmental effect not genetically
Immortality: Maintained by asexual reproduction
Vigorous growth: Clonal selection is useful in conserving the heterosis for a
long period of time
Wider adaptation: Due to high level of heterozygosity than pure lines

4. ORIGIN OF GENETIC VARIATION
WITHIN CLONES
• 1. Somatic mutation
•2. Mechanical mixture
•3. Sexual reproduction
•4. Segregation in F1

5. CLONAL DEGENERATION
• The loss in vigor and productivity of clone with time is known as clonal
degeneration.
• Clonal degeneration- Degeneration is inherent in the clone. Degeneration
may result from
• 1) Mutation
• 2)Viral diseases
• 3) Bacterial diseases

6. Degeneration in Sugarcane Degeneration in potato

7. METHODS OF IMPROVEMENT
• Asexually propagated crops differ from sexually propagated ones in one basic
aspect that their breeding materials and the commercial varieties are maintained
through asexual reproduction as against sexual reproduction in the case of latter.
This provides some unique advantages and opportunities in breeding of these
crops.
• In the case of sexually reproducing crops, breeding of clonal crops has the following
two well defined phases:
• (1) Creation of genetic variation (either by natural processes or by human activity
like hybridization)
• (2) Selection of the best genotype from the variable population to produce a
superior clone or variety.The procedure of selection used for such crops is known
as clonal selection since the selected plants are used to produce new clones

8. CLONAL SELECTIONS
• Improvement of asexually propagated crops by selecting superior clones is
known as clonal selection. Superior clones can be isolated from three types
of materials
• 1- Local variety
• 2-Introduced variety
• 3-Intercrossed population

9. Breeding procedure of clonal selection
• FIRSTYEAR :
• a) From a mixed variable population, few hundred to few thousand desirable
plant are selected.
• b) A rigid selection can be done for simply inherited characters with high
heritability.
• c) Plant with obvious weakness are eliminated.

10. SECONDYEAR
• Clones from the selected plants grown separately.
• Desirable clones selected

11. THIRD YEAR
• Preliminary yield trials with standard checks.
• a) Selection for quality, disease resistance etc. Disease nurseries may be
planted.
• b) Few outstanding clone selected.

12. FOURTH-SIXTH YEAR
• Multilocation yield trials with standard checks.
• Best clone is identified for release as a new variety.

13. SEVENTH YEAR
• The best clone is released as a new variety.
• Seed multiplication for distribution begins.

14. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR CLONAL
SELECTION

15. MERITS
• 1) Useful in conserving heterosis for several generations i.e. method retains
all the characteristic of the parental clone for several years.
• 2) Highly uniform and stable
• 3) Effective method for genetic improvement of asexually propagated crop
plants.

16. DEMERITS
• 1) Highly prone to new disease of new Races.
• 2) Can't create new variability.

17. ACHIEVEMENTS OF CLONAL
SELECTION
Crop ClonalVariety
Papaya CO-1, CO-2, CO-5, CO-6, Pusa giant,
Pusa dwarf
Pineapple Singapore Spanish, MasmerahPuerto
Rico
Litchi glorff,Saharanpur sel, swarna roopa
Aonla NA-4, NA-5, NA-6, NA-7,NA-8, NA-10
Pomegranate G-137,CO-1,YCD-1
Bael NB-1,NB-5, NB-6
Mango Dasehari-51, Niranjan, Cardoz mankurad,
Payur-1
Grapes Pusa seedless,Thomson seedless, Perlet,
Tas-e ganesh, Sonaka, Rao sahebi,
dilkhus

18. Kufri Red from Darjeeling Red Round Kufri Safed from Phulwa

19. THANK YOU