Clinical and Oral Manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus

1. CLINICAL AND ORAL
MANIFESTATION OF DIABETES
MELLITUS
Sushma GR Mohan

2. INTRODUCTION
● Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by
relative or absolute insufficiency of insulin and resultant
disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism.
● About 20% of adults older than 65 years have Diabetes
Mellitus.

3. HYPOGLYCEMIA HYPERGLYCEMIA

4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
HYPERGLYCEMIA
● Polyuria
● Polydipsia
● Polyphagia with weight loss
● Recurrent blurred vision
● Vulvovaginitis
● Noctural enuresis
● Loss of strength

5. HYPERGLYCEMIA
TYPE 1
● Repeated infection
● Marked irritabilty
● Headache
● Drowsiness
● Malaise
● Dry mouth
TYPE 2
● Decreased vision
● Paraesthesia
● Loss of sensation
● Impotence
● Postural hypotension

6. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
● Medical intervention and insulin administration.
● While emergency, give glucose first as small amount is
unlikely to cause significant harm.

7. HYPOGLYCEMIA
1. EARLY STAGE {MILD REACTIONS}
● Diminished cerebral function
● Changes in mood
● Hunger
● Decrease spontaneity
● Nausea

8. HYPOGLYCEMIA
2. MORE SEVERE STAGE
● Sweating
● Tachycardia
● Piloerection
3. LATER SEVERE STAGE
● Unconsciousness
● Seizures
● Hypotension
● Hypothermia

9. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
● 15 grams of fast acting oral carbohydrate
● Measured blood sugar
● Loss of consciousness - 25-30 ml 50% dextrose solution,
iv. over 3 min period
● Glucagon 1mg

10. ORAL MANIFESTATION OF TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2
● Periodontitis
● Gingivitis
● Dental caries
● Tooth loss
● Oral candidiasis
● Ulcers and irritation
fibromas
● Impaired wound healing
● Xerostomia
● Sailosis
● Burning mouth
● Impairment of taste
● Elevated plaque

11. Periodontitis associated with Diabetes Mellitus