City Profile of Chennai

1. City Profile of Madras(Chennai)
P r i t h i v i M o h a n | 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 | 3 r d y e a r | B . P l a n n i n g
Department of Planning
Seminar - I

2. • The Chennai Metropolis (with a latitude
between 12°50'49" and 13°17'24", and a
longitude between 79°59'53"and 80°20'12")
is located on the Coramandal coast in South
India and the land is a flat coastal plain.
• Madras, acquired its name from
Madraspattinam which is a fishing village
situated to the north of Fort St. George.
• 400 years old city.
• Its older name Madras was officially changed
to Chennai in 1996.
• 36th metropolitan city all across the world.
• Madras was the first major British settlement
in India, and until 1774 was the capital of the
entire British Empire in the east.
LOCATION
Connectivity Map
Spatial Growth
Pattern Of The
City
2
Elevation- 6m(20ft)

3. o In 1522, the Portugese built a port called Sao Tome.
o On 22nd August 1639, a small piece of land was purchased by the British East India
Company which is located on the Coromandel Coast.
o The city's Corporation, founded in 1687, was the first such governing body to be set
up outside Europe.
o Madras soon grew into a settlement of importance but in 1774 the British shifted
their capital to Calcutta, influenced by its proximity to the north, its commercial
importance represented by industries such as jute and indigo, and its climate.
o Until Independence, Madras remained the capital of the Madras Presidency, an area
that encompassed the whole of south India as well as parts of Maharashtra and
Orissa
o Chennai has a very heterogeneous mix of architectural styles ranging from ancient
temples to the British colonial era buildings and to the latest modern buildings. Most
of the buildings constructed during the colonial era are of the Indo-Sarcenic style.
HISTORY 3
17th century
• The population, which was 19,000 in 1646, expanded to 40,000 in 1669.
• Scattered settlements separated by long distances.
• Each settlement grew around the nucleus of a temple and has its own history.
18th century
• During this time, the British found that Triplicane was a good area for
settlement and a large number of people moved there.
• The presence of the Nawab of Arcot increased the economic prosperity of
the area and more and more Muslims settled in Triplicane. So from that time
onwards, it grew in importance, second only, to George Town.
• People started moving in different directions according to their professional
activities (weaving, pot making, and trade) and need of space. This also leads
to community development.

4. 20th century
• The population of the City increased to 8.6 lakhs by 1941.
• The city occupied an area of about 80 sq.km.
• Radial and Ring pattern of Development as CBD as the center.
• The city was mainly a commercial, military and administrative centre for the
entire South India.
• In 1950 the boundary of the City was extended to cover 129sq.kms.
• CBD was George town and Harbor.
Present
• George Town and its extension southwards into Anna Salai together constitute
the central business district of the City where most of the wholesale trade,
specialised retail trade and banking and financial institutions were located and
where commercial activity was intense.
HISTORY 4
19th century
• The city extended over an area of about 70 sq.kms. and had a population of
5.40 lakhs in 1901
• Central station was formed in 1872 and linked to the main line.
• To facilitate trade the harbor was completed in 1896 just to the east of George
Town.

5. Uohkomjlk
INTRODUCTION
 Chennai is known as the "Detroit /.of
India" for its automobile industry.
 Population - 4.68 million residents (in
2011) ., making it the sixth most populous
city in India.
 8.9 million, making it the fourth most
populous metropolitan area in the
country and 31st largest urban area in the
world.
 Area (CMA) = 1189 sq.km, including core
city area 426 sq.km

6. 6
LANDUSE
source: draft master plan – ii for Chennai metropolitan area
Existing Landuse 2001
SOUTHERN REGION DEVELOPED
REGION BECAUSE OF GOOD
INFRASTRUCTURE LIKE IT COMPANY,
SCHOOLS AND COLLAGES
NORTHERN REGION UNDEVELOPED
REGION BECAUSE ITS FAR FROM CORE CITY
AND MAJOR INDUSTRIES ARE LOCATED HERE
54%
7%
5%
19%
2%
1% 12%
EXISTING LANDUSE 2006 - CHENNAI CITY
Resdential
Commercial
Industrial
Institutional
Open space
and
Recreation
Agricultural
Others
22%
1%
6%
3%
12%
2%
54%
Existing landuse 2006 - Rest of
CMA
Resdential
Commercial
Industrial
Institutional
Agricultural
Non urban
Others
Proposed Landuse 2026
33%
14%
4%
16%
4%
1%
6%
1%
21%
Proposed landuse 2026 - chennai
city
Primary Residential use
zone
Mixed Residential use
zone
Commercial use zone
Institutional use zone
Industrial use zone
Special and hazardous
Industrial use zone
29%
12%
1%
3%
7%
3%
11%
2%
32%
PROPOSED LANDUSE 2026 - REST OF CMA
Primary Residential use
zone
Mixed Residential use
zone
Commercial use zone
Institutional use zone
Industrial use zone
Special and hazardous
Industrial use zone
Note:Others (Roads, water bodies, hills, Redhills catchments area,
forests etc.)

7. 7
570,851
593,132
611,144
757,051
910,464
1,454,896
1,776,329
2,579,276
3,276,622
3,841,396
4,343,645
4,646,732
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
DECADAL POPULATION OF
CHENNAI CITY
287890
304371
319411
398327
476346
756836
934227
1354325
1694107
1986278
2219539
2335844
282961
288761
291733
358724
434118
698060
842102
1224951
1582515
1855118
2124106
2310888
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
DECADAL POPULATION OF
CHENNAI – GENDER WISE
males females
The development of transport
corridors and rail connectivity as early
as 1900s had attracted industrial
developments in the city resulting in
increased growth of population
It extends over 1189 Sq.km. and
includes Chennai City Corporation
area, 16 Municipalities, 20 Special
Village Panchayats and 213 villages
comprised in 10 Panchayats Unions.
Area of Chennai
metropolis 426km2
metro 1189km2
density/km2
2001 2011
Chennai 24,963 26,553
Tamil nadu 480 555
India 324 382
Source: census of India
Source: census of India
Source: CDP,chennai
3505502
4601566
5818479
7040582
8696010
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Decadal population of CMA
Source: CDP,chennai
DECADAL POPULATION

8. 8
3.90 3.04
23.87
20.26
59.80
22.09
45.20
27.04
17.24
13.07
6.98
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
DECADAL GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION Decades 1951-61 and 1961-71. The reasons
for this rapid growth rate can be attributed
to industrial development and increase in
economic activities and employment
opportunities in the city and its suburbs,
attracting large migrant population.
The negative growth during 1971-81
is due to the annexation of surrounding
Panchayats areas to the city.
85.33
73.45
90.18
80.09
74.04
Chennai Tamil nadu India
Literacy rate
Literacy rate 2001 Literacy rate 2011
957
986
943
989
996
933
Chennai Tamil nadu India
Sex Ratio
sex ratio 2001 sex ratio 2011
CMA = 76.09 (in 2001) CMA = 956 (in 2001)
90.01 86.64
93.7
80.44
86.64
64.91
86.77
73.14
82.14
65.46
male female male female
2001 2011
Literacy rate
Literacy rate Gender wise
Chennai Tamil nadu India
Source:census2011.co.in
Source: census of India
GROWTH RATE, LITERACY RATE, SEX RATIO
Birth & Death Rates
The registered birth rates in Chennai City in
1971 were 38.6 and varied from 38.6 to
32.1during 1971-76 and have reduced to
22.62 in the year 2003. Similarly the death
rate also reduced to a considerable extent
from 13.1 in 1975 to 8.01 in 2003. The rate of
natural increase declined from 26.3 in 1971
to 14.61 in 2003. Source: CDP,chennai

9. 9
1.55 4.01 1.34 3 1
6.5
1.5 2.9
27.37
34.21
30 32
24.3 26.7
98.5
91.1
71.08
61.78
68.66
65
74.7
66.8
chennai city CMA chennai city CMA chennai city CMA chennai city CMA
1971 1981 1991 2001
Trend of occupational structure Chennai city and CMA
primary secondary tertiary
The workers in primary activity constitute 6.52 percent in CMA and 1.05 percent
in City 1991. In 2001, it was 2.91 percent and 1.52 percent respectively in CMA
and Chennai City indicating that the primary activities are on the decline in the
peripheral areas due to the emergence of manufacturing and new economy
industry.
2001
Chennai city CMA
Non workers in Chennai
city during 2001
65.73% 69.14%
Occupational structure

10. 10
MIGRATION DETAILS
Migrants from other urban areas
constitute 63.4% and only 36.3%
are from rural areas.
17.49
26.42
32.84
38.43
43.43
6.44 7.8
10.08 9.18 9.37
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Migration details
total population in lakhs Total migrants
The population of the Chennai City in
1981 was 32.84 lakhs which includes
10.08 lakh migrant population and natural
increase of 5.28 lakhs (for 1971-81)
population; the net population excluding
these works out to 17.48 lakhs whereas
the 1971 population was 26.42 lakhs
which shows that there was a net out
migration of 8.94 lakhs (27%) resident
population from City mostly to the rest of
CMA (during 1971-1981).
Source: CDP,chennai

11. 11
PROJECTIONS
Source: draft Master Plan ii short

12. 12
INFRASTRUCTURE – TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
The road network of Chennai is dominated
by a radial pattern converging at George
Town, which is the main Central Business
District (CBD) of the CMA. The road network
is primarily based on the four National
Highways, leading to Calcutta (NH5),
Bangalore (NH4), Thiruvallur (NH 205) and
Trichy (NH 45).
Road Network
• Chennai Beach - Tambaram BG
line running south-west
• Chennai Central - Thiruvallur
B.G.line running west and
• Chennai Central -
Gummidipoondi BG line running
north
Rail Network
These 3 lines together account for 300,000
commuter trips per day.
Bus Transport
The bus transport is being operated by
Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC),
which had a fleet strength of 2,773 buses in
2004. They operate 537 routes and carry 36
lakhs trips/day. Source: CDP,chennai
Goods Transport The number of goods
vehicles in Chennai has increased from 6,671
in 1980 to 32629 in 2005. According to a
study by MMDA (1985) the main items of
movement are
• Manufactured goods (15.5%),
• Building materials (9.9%),
• Industrial raw materials (9.2%),
• Perishables (9.1%) and
• Parcels (8.5%).
Vehicles and persons trips in CMA
The total number of motor vehicles in CMA
has increased from 144,282 in 1984 to
1,674,185 in 2005.
The number of two-wheelers has grown
enormously from 87,000 in 1984 to
1,266,114 in 2005.
Source: CDP,chennai
29%
5%
4%
18%
13%
28%
1%
2%
DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON TRIPS BY MODE - 2004
Bus train car 2W cycle walk others IPT
Source: CDP,chennai
According to the CTTS (1992-95),
• the per capita trip rate is 1.30 per day
and the trip rate per household is 5.88
per day.
• On a typical weekday 7.45 million trips
by a variety of travel modes for various
purposes.
In a group of 100, 38 travels by bus, 4 by
train, and 30 by walk, 14 by cycle, 7 by two
wheeler, 2 by car and 5 by other modes.

13. 13
INFRASTRUCTURE – WATER SUPPLY
C h e n n a i M e t r o p o l i t a n Wa t e r S u p p l y a n d S e w e r a g e B o a r d ( C M W S S B )
Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-I
Add 180 MLD water to Chennai City water
requirement) was taken up by CMWSSB in 2004 at
a cost of Rs.720 crores. It is to draw 190 MLD of
raw water from Veeranam Lake
Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-II
Estimated cost of Rs.124.00 crore. The objective of
this project is to augment water supply to the city
by intercepting the rainwater runoff into the sea by
the construction / rehabilitation of check dams
across Cooum, Adyar and Palar rivers.
Veeranam Lake
Chembarambakkam lake
Rest of CMA
Other Municipalities have Palar River as source,
CMWSSB bulk supply or the ground water as
source. Water supply in Panchayat areas is by local
wells and public taps.
Reservoirs
70%
supply tank
20%
ground water
10%
Source of
water supply
to Chennai city
Estimated of water Requirement (CMA)
population in lakhs
2011 2016 2021 2026
88 100 112 126
Total requirment
Residential use 1165 1284 1431 1606
Other than Residential use 349 385 429 482
Industries use 116 128 143 160
Note: Water Requirement in MLD
Source: CMWSSB
140
260 270
90
220
Banglore Mumbai Delhi Chennai city Pune
Consumption liters per captia per day
The sources of surface
water are the reservoirs at
• Poondi,
• Cholavaram,
• Porur Lake
• Chembarambakkam
• Veeranam Lake
Source: CMWSSB

14. 14
INFRASTRUCTURE – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Residence
68%
Commercial
14%
Restaurants/hotels
/schools
11%
Market
4%
Hospitals
3%
WASTE GENERATION
Collection & Transportation
At present the Chennai Corporation and ONYX are the two agencies are
the responsible for entire solid waste collection and transportation. As
per the corporation the collection efficiency is around 95% in the city
and Door to Door collection
• Around 3.400 tonnes of garbage is collected daily from 15
zones
• The Perungudi dump yard gets 1600 tonnes and Kodungaiyur
gets 1800 tonnes
• Total number of bins 6980
• Waste separation 10% by CMC
Areas
future
generation in
2021(tonnes)
chennai city 4332
Municipalities 1326
special village panchayats 277
village panchayats 469
total CMA 6403
Future Garbage Generation Trends Source: CDP,chennai
Source: CDP,chennai

15. 15
THE JnNURM IN CHENNAI 2005-2012
30.5%
2.3%
24.4%
2.3%
40.4%
0.2%
UIG funds allocation
by sector
Water Supply
Solid Waste
Management
Sewerage
Roads/Flyover/
Road
Overbridges
Drainage/Storm
water Drains
35 projects total, at a total cost of Rs. 3585.44 crore
Central share 36%
Current Scenario
•23% of all projects have overspent
• Less than half of the projects have been
completed. (Phase 1 ends in 2013)
• Lack of local capacity, rising costs of
construction material, delays on funds release,
elections cited as reasons.
77%
23%
BSUP funding by project type
Resettlement
colonies
Other
housing/infrast
ructure
projects
24 projects total, at a total cost of
Rs. 1388.27 crore
Current Scenario
• Most projects fall within the new Corporation
boundaries.
• Projects in the newly extended areas have been
transferred to the jurisdiction of the Corporation
• 29,864 tenements in Ezhil Nagar and
Perumbakkam at a total cost of Rs. 1073.19 crore
• Of which, for 19,412 tenements, provision of
infrastructure facilities not covered by the
JnNURM costs.
Source: transparentchennai
Chennai got projects worth Rs. 4973.71 crore, with a large part of it to be spent for the urban poor.

16. 16
INVESTMENTS IN CMA

17. 17
SCHEMES IMPLEMENTED BY TNSCB IN CMA
Slum Clearance Scheme
• Tenements are allotted either on rental basis or on hire purchase basis.
• TNSCB has constructed 69594 No. of tenements from 1970 to 2004 in Chennai.
• In addition TNHB had constructed 10,423 slum tenements in Chennai.
Pavement Dwellers Housing Scheme
• It was funded by the GOI (Rs.4, 000/- per household) GTN (Rs.1000/- per household) and HUDCO loan
(Rs.8, 000/- per household) 7787 no. of families benefited under this scheme.
Nehru Rozgor Yojana
• Loan assistance of Rs.4, 150/- per slum family was given for up gradation of their shelter.
• It was implemented by TNSCB with grant assistance from GOI & GTN and loan assistance from
HUDCO.14, 000 No. of families benefited by this scheme
Shelter for Shelter less Scheme
• Affordable houses for slum dwellers were constructed on serviced plots, using locally available materials
and adopting low cost techniques.
• It was tried a pilot project in Chennai by TNSCB with GOI grant 20%, GTN grant 15% and HUDCO loan
component 65%. 2982 No. of families were benefited under the scheme.

18. 18
OUTER RING ROAD
• ORR connects NH45 at Vandalur, NH4 at Nazarathpet, NH 205 at Nemilichery, NH5 at Nallur
and TPP road at Minjur and is of length 62.0 km. The configuration of the alignment comprises
of dual system of both road and rail corridor in a width of 72m. 50m. wide portion of land is
reserved for future developments. The estimated project cost is about Rs.1081.40 crores.
• Land Acquisition has been taken up in two phases. The first phase of land Acquisition from NH
45 to NH 205 for a length of 29.2 km. covering 29 villages has been completed and possession
taken over by CMDA. The second phase of acquisition from NH 205 to TPP Road covering 27
villages is under progress.

19. 19
CHENNAI – BANGLORE EXPRESSWAY
• The ambitious 262-km-long Bangalore-Chennai Expressway that will run through Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka will require nearly 2,300 hectares of land.
• Sources in the NHAI said the project consultant had said the greenfield initiative would cost Rs. 7,000
crore, excluding cost of land acquisition. Following land acquisition, which would take a year and a
half, the project will be completed in three years.
• The road will be access-controlled like the Chennai Bypass and have several major interchanges. “For
every 25 km, there will be entry/exit points
The expressway will serve
as an alternative to the
popular NH 7 from
Bangalore to Krishnagiri,
NH 46 from Krishnagiri to
Ranipet and NH 4 from
Ranipet to Chennai.
Source: The Hindu,chennai;augest12,2013

20. 20
SATHANGADU IRON STEEL MARKET
• Chennai is a major centre for iron Steel trade. It also serves as the feeder market for the
entire south.
• The growth rate of various core sectors in Chennai is quite high, but the Iron & Steel trade
in Chennai does not seem to be located well enough to run efficiently or handle its
growth potential.
• Congested locations, cramped spaces, heavy-vehicle movement in narrow streets, traffic
blockades, noise unhygienic environs - all lead to tardy and uneconomical operations.
• Located ideally - over 203 acres near Tiruvottiyur on the periphery of the city, with ready
access to Chennai City Port and Tiruvottiyur railhead.
• India' most modern market of its kind, it is scientifically planned with excellent
infrastructure, amenities and services-everything the trader seek for smooth conduct of
business and full exploitation of growth potential

21. 21
CHENNAI METRO RAIL PROJECT
• The Chennai Metro Rail is a rapid transit system under
construction in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Phase I of the
project, which consists of two corridors covering a length
of 45.1 kilometers (28.0 mi), is under construction.
• The elevated section of the project is scheduled to be
operational by spring 2015 and the entire project is
scheduled to be completed by the financial year 2014–
2015.
• About 55% of the corridors in Phase I are underground
and the remaining corridors are elevated
• At the time of construction, it cost nearly Rs.3,000
million and Rs.1,000 million to build one kilometre of
tunnel and one underground station, respectively.
• When the Chennai Metro Rail project was initiated in
2007, the estimated cost of the 45-km route in phase I
was around Rs. 146 billion.
• Phase I extension of 9 km from Washermanpet to
Wimco Nagar at Tiruvottiyur cost Rs. 30,010 million as of
2014, which is expected to begin by December 2014.

22. 22
Chennai Monorail is a rail-based transit system for the Indian
city of Chennai. It is proposed in the Long-term Urban
Transportation Scheme of Second Master Plan by CMDA. The
state government has announced plans to
introduce monorail across City to reduce traffic congestion and
to increase the share of public transport in the urban transport
network. The aim is to increase the share of public transport in
Chennai from 27% to 46% by 2026
CHENNAI MONO RAIL PROJECT
corridor-1 (Poonamallee - Porur -
Vadapalani/Kathipara)
corridor-2 (Vandalur -Medavakkam
- Velacheri - Kathipara)
PROJECT COST
Corridor-1 - 20.68-km from
Poonamallee to Kathipara with a
link from Porur to Vadaplani - is
expected to cost ₹32.35 billion
The first Corridor –
Vandalur to Velachery
(23 km) — will have 14
stations, 12 stations will
come up along the
Poonamallee - Vadapalani
Corridor (18 km) and 11
along the third corridor –
Poonamallee to Kathipara
junction (16 km).

23. 23
The number of vehicles plying in cities run into millions. During the peak hours, the traffic moves in snail’s
pace. Come monsoon season, the roads are damaged and potholes created, holding the city on ransom.
Urban Amenities
Traffic Congestion
Cities are lacking water facility round the clock. Then there is the problem of sewage disposal.
Open sewer system is followed in many urban fringe areas- and when rain lashes out then it is a
huge mess. Garbage disposal is another irritant. Government is not able to supply these amenities
due to tremendous increase in population
Traffic congestion Lacking of garbage disposal Lacking of drainage system Lacking of water facility
Pollution
Vehicle exhaust, burning of garbage, CFC exhaust mixed with heat during the day creates a toxic mix.
Pollution has made things worse in the cities. Nausea, severe headache, bronchitis, asthma, organ failure are
few health problem faced by urban dwellers.
Slum and Squatter Settlements
The migration of rural poor in search of jobs to the cities have created slums and squatter settlements where
there is no basic facilities. These settlements have become the breeding ground for illegal activities and
crime.
ISSUES

24. 24
SWOT ANALYSIS
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T
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Vision 2026
is to make
Chennai a prime
metropolis
which will be
more
livable,
economically
vibrant and
environmentally
sustainable and
with better
assets
for the future
generations