It is a mechanism to transmit or to change the direction of motion/force

1. GRAPH

2. WHAT IS GRAPH
a diagram showing the relation between
variable quantities, typically of two variables,
each measured along one of a pair of axes at
right angles.

3. WHAT IS CO-ORDINENT?
a pair of elements a, b having the property that ( a,
b) = (u, v ) if and only if a = u, b = v.
OR
Two numbers written in a certain order. Usually
written in parentheses like this: (4,5) Can be used
to show the position on a graph, where the "x"
(horizontal) value is first, and the "y" (vertical)
value is second.
For example:
Here the point (12,5) is 12 units along, and 5
units up.

4. CORDINENT OF GRAPH
The following are the components f graph:
1. Absessac= x-co-ordinent
2. ordinent= y-co-ordinent

5. WHAT IS DIMENSION?
a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as
length, width, depth, or height.
1 dimension : Length
2 dimension : Length and width
3 dimension : Length, Width and Height

6. WHAT IS LINE?
It is path between two points.
e.g. Here, A and B are the two points,
a b

7. TYPES OF GRAPH
• Straight line
• Simple bar
• Multi bar
• Compound bar
• Histogram

8. What is a gear?
It is a mechanism to
transmit or to change the
direction of motion/force.

9. Example #1:
This shows how motion is transferred
from the pedal to the tyre.

10. Example #2:
This shows how one gear connected to
the motor, can cause the other gear to
move in the opposite direction which
changes the direction of the motion.

11. Another simplistic example:

12. The relationship between the teeth
and speed of a gear:
This shows how the size and number of
teeth affects the speed of the gear.

13. Hyperbola showing the
relationship of speed and teeth:
This shows how increase in one variable
causes a decrease in the other and vice
versa.

14. The actual formula:
•Gear train: when 2 or more gears are joined together for a particular purpose.
•Driver gear: a gear which is connected to the motor.
•Driven gear: a gear which is connected to the driver gear.
Velocity of driven= Velocity of driver * (# of teeth in driver gear/ # of teeth driven)
•Manipulation of the formula:
Velocity of driven/ Velocity of driver= # of teeth in driver gear/ # of teeth driven

15. Number of teeth in driven gear 15 20 25 30 35
Velocity of driven gear 667 500 400 334 286
Velocity of driven= Velocity of driver * (# of teeth in driver gear/ # of teeth driven)
= (200*50/15)
= 667

16. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
15 20 25 30 35
Number of teeth in driven gear
Velocityofdrivengear

17. Twist factor:
It measures how much turns a yarn has and can be
calculated by counting the number of twists in an inch
of yarn.
Twist is inserted into the fine strand of fibres to hold
the fibres together. Without twist, the fine strand of
fibres would be very weak and of little practical.
Formula:
Twist factor= (turns per centimetre) √linear density

18. Twist factor 30 35 35
Turns per centimetre 6 7 8
Twist factor= (turns per centimetre) √linear density
30 = (x) √25
30/5 = x
6 = x

19. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30 35 40
Twist factor
Turnspercentimetre