1. Central Nervous System Stimulants
• These Drugs Primarily Stimulate The Nervous System
And Improve Certain Brain Functions.
• Relatively Nonspecific Drugs In Action And Affect All
Parts Of Body When Given In Sufficient Dose.
• Adverse Side Effects Are Seen And Potential Of Abuse.
So only few drugs are in practice.
5. a) Xanthines and Methylxanthines
[Caffeine]
MOA: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme.
Degradation of cyclic nucleotides.
Antagonism with adenosine .
Production of dis-inhibitory effect and increased alertness.
Dose:
Dogs : 100-1000mg, hypodermically
6. b) Amfetamines
Powerful psycho stimulant with risk of drug abuse and drug
dependence.
MOA:
Transportation from extra neuronal space into adrenergic
and dopaminergic nerve.
Into storage vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter.
Displaces and releases nor-epinephrine and dopamine
through same carrier into synaptic cleft.
Increase in alertness and anorectic effects.
7. c) Norepinephrine- Dopamine Reuptake
Inhibitors
Used in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) & depression.
MOA:
INHIBIT REUPTAKE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS. (NOR-EPINEPHRINE & DOPAMINE)
ACCUMULATED NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE SYNAPSE.
ENHANCED NEUROTRANSMISSION & STIMULANT EFFECT.
8. d) Ampakines
• Enhance alertness and attention as well as facilitate
learning and memory.
• Used in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or
other neurological disorders.
• Not known to be used in veterinary medicine.
9. e) Modafinil And Adrafinil
• Memory improving and mood enhancing
psychostimulants.
• The MOA is not completely known however
they are suggested to be similar to
Amfetamines.
