this gives the information about the role of nanoparticles in enhancing the vase life of cut flower =s along with some case studies

1. ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES IN ENHANCING
THE VASE LIFE OF CUT FLOWERS
MASTER’S SEMINAR
(APH-600)
ON
AKKALAREDDY SUMALATHA
ID No.- 51078
Department of Horticulture

2. 2
IMPORTANCE OF POST HARVEST HANDLING OF CUT FLOWERS
Post harvest performance a key factor.
Besides external appearance (quality), longevity is
fundamental to convince the consumer to re-
purchase them.
Almost about 30% of flowers perish during
handling.
Reid and Jiang,2012

3. 3
Critical factors influencing post-harvest life of cut flowers
1. Maturity indices
2. Carbohydrate supply
3. Temperature
4. Water loss
5. Ethylene
6. Mechanical damage
7. Diseases

4. Methods to prolong the vase life of cut flowers
4
Conditioning of cut flowers
Pre-Cooling
Pulsing
Impregnation
Floral Preservatives
Use of Growth Regulators and
Other Practices during cutting, bunching,
grading, wrapping, packing and storage

5. 5
Nano-Technology???
What is
Nano-Technology???

6. Nanotechnology can be defined as the design, characterization,
production, and application of structures, devices, and systems
by controlling the shape and size at the nanometer scale.
Nanotechnology exploits the particular characteristics of nano
particles (structures of 1–100 nm dimensions) and can be a very
useful technology in a wide range of branches in science and
industry.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Mousavi and Rezaei, 2011
6

7. 7
History……
•The first ever concept was
presented by a famous
professor of physics
Dr. Richard P.Feynman in
1959.
•The term “Nano-technology”
had been coined by Norio
Tanguchi in 1974.
•Invention of the scanning
tunneling micrscope in 1981 and
discovery of fullerence (C60 ) in
1985 lead to the emergence of
nano technology.
THERE’S PLENTY OF
ROOM AT THE BOTTOM
Singh et al 2011

8. APPLICATIONS

9. 9
APPLICATIONS IN FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY:
Nanotechnology is widely employed in the agriculture and food
industry, with many applications at all stages of product
production, processing, storing, packaging and transport (Mousavi
and Rezaei, 2011).
Use of nanotechnology aims to increase production and decrease
postharvest wastage.
 Nano particles and nano porous materials can be used to carry
ethylene action inhibitors, control growth and development of
microorganisms and introduce a new generation of packaging
coverage that controls gases and harmful UV rays while increasing
strength, quality and packaging appearance (Yadollahi et al., 2010).

10. 10
Why do we need Nano Technology?

11.  Silver Thio Sulphate(STS)
 2,5-norbornadiene (2,5-NBD)
 Di Azo Cyclo Pentadiene (DACP)
 1-Methyl Cyclo Propene (1-MCP)
 Cobalt ions
 Amino Oxyacetic Acid (AOA)
 AVG and MVG
11

12.  Silver Thio Sulphate(STS) X
 2,5-norbornadiene (2,5-NBD) X
 Di Azo Cyclo Pentadiene (DACP) X
 1-Methyl Cyclo Propene (1-MCP) X
 Cobalt ions X
 Amino Oxyacetic Acid (AOA) X
 AVG and MVG X
 Phytotoxicity
 Environmental hazards posed by the chemicals.
 Increasing conciousness towards the eco friendly
production methods and more sustainable plant
production.
12

13. • At the nanoscale, matter shows extraordinary properties.
• For example, surface area, cation exchange capacity, ion adsorption,
complexation, and many more functions of clays would multiply if
they are brought to Nano scale.
• The principal difference is presence of high proportion of the atoms
on the surface.
• Compared with particles of macro size, nanoparticles may have
different surface compositions, different types and densities of sites,
and different reactivity with respect to processes such as adsorption
and redox reactions, which could be gainfully used in synthesizing
nano material's for use in agriculture.
13
ADVANTAGES OF NANOMATERIAL'S OVER CORRESPONDING BULK MATERIALS

14. • Ethylene gas sensors are used.
• Most of these materials are used in resistor-based devices.
• The most common nanomaterial used for detection in ethylene sensors is tin
dioxide (stannic oxide, SnO2),others are tungsten trioxide, palladium, platinum,
titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.
• Nanomaterial-based sensors are widely applied in postharvest management of fruit
(e.g. climacteric fruit like apples and peaches)and in the food industry (e.g.
packaging of vegetables) (Cristescu et al., 2012).
• Nanosensors could therefore also help to prolong vaselife of cut flowers, by
enabling monitoring of ethylene concentrations in storage rooms of large growers
and wholesale.
14
APPLICATIONS IN FLORICULTURE
NANOSENSORS:

15. • Provide effective scavengers with selectiveability to remove different
gases (e.g. oxygen, ethylene).
• For instance, inclusion of nanoscale fillers (e.g. Pd) within the matrix
can make plastic films more impermeable to ethylene.
• Nano particulates work as small physical barriers to the movement of
gas molecules, by obstructing the path of the gas through the material.
• Nano-catalytic degradation of ethylene, and other hazardous materials,
is one of the most desirable and challenging goals in the development
of environmentally friendly catalysts.
15
NANO COMPOSITES AND NANO CATALYSTS

16. • For practical ethylene removal, the best tested catalysts have been Pd
and TiO2 fixed on activated carbon.
• Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been the focus for light-activated photo
catalytic degradation under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, either from
natural (sun) or artificial (lamps), because of its physical and chemical
stability, low cost, availability and non-toxicity.
16
NANO COMPOSITES AND NANO CATALYSTS

17. 17
Mechanism of Photocatalysis

18. Property:
• NS have a high surface area to volume ratio and because of this property, they are
considered to be more effective at preventing growth of bacteria and other
microorganisms than the components of oxidation states of Ag.
Action Mechanism:
• NS release Ag+(Loket et al., 2007), which has been reported to interact with
cytoplasmic components and nucleic acids, to inhibit respiratory chain enzymes and
to interfere with membrane permeability (Russell and Hugo,1994; Park et al., 2005).
Applications:
• Nanometer-sized silver (Ag+) particles (NS) are used as antimicrobials (Furno et al.,
2004).
• Use of NS is becoming increasingly widespread in medicine, fabrics, water
purification and various other industrial and non-plant applications.
18
Nanoparticles and Nanoporous materials

19. • Their use as a pulse and vase solution treatment for cut flowers is relatively new.
Studies have investigated the effectiveness of NS in extending the vase life of some
cut flowers, including carnations, gerberas, acacias, and roses (Moradi et al., 2012;
Nazemi Rafi and Ramezanian, 2013).
• As like other cations (e.g. K+, Ca2
+), Ag+ can have positive effects on plant stem
hydraulic conductivity (vanieperen, 2007).
• Ag+ is considered to be a general inhibitor of aquaporins (Niemietz and Tyerman,
2002), improving water relations (Lü et al., 2010).
• Besides antibacterial and acidic effects, NS could act as anti ethylene agents.Kim et
al. (2005) suggested that NS acted as anti-ethylene agents on cut Asiatic hybrid
Lilium ‘Dream Land’ and Oriental hybrid Lilium‘Sibera’ (Lü et al., 2010).
19
Nanoparticles and Nanoporous materials

20. • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are nanometric biomaterials synthesized by
enzymatic action on hydrolysed starch.
• They have a characteristictoroidal shape, which forms a well-
defined truncated cone-shaped lipophilic cavity.
• CDs are able to include compounds whose geometry and polarity
are compatible with that of their cavity.
• In the postharvest context, CD-NSs have been proposed as a
delivery system capable of slowing the release of 1-MCP
(Devecchi et al., 2009).
20
Cyclodextrins
19

21. • Reduces active ingredient dosages.
• Reduces number of delivery times.
• 1-MCP is a highly unstable and reactive gas that very quickly
dimerizes even at room temperature.
• Most likely ß -CD-NS stabilizes the included 1-MCP thus preserving
its properties.
• Therefore, 1-MCP included in ß -CD-NS may be a promising user-
friendly formulation, with low environmental impact, for prolonging
the vase-life and controlling fungal diseases of cut flowers in the
postharvest environment.
21
Cyclodextrins

22. 22
Futuristic Nanotechnology based system to enhance vase life
Scariot et al 2014

23. CASE STUDIES
23

24. Assessment of growth, flowering and seed yield in Calendula
( Calendula officinalisL.) as influenced by gold-nanoparticle
• This experiment was composed of 0,5,10,15,20 ppm Gold-nanoparicle suspensions.
• Foliar application was done 28 days after transplanting of seedlings.
• Among all the treatments 10 ppm of Gold-nanoparicle was found to be best for most
of the parameters.
24
Plant height 73.95 cm
Plant spread 54.62 cm
Number of leaves 127.55
Flower diameter 7.06
Fresh flower weight 4.31 g
Days to flower bud initiation 30.85 days
Duration to flowering 105.15 days
Total number of flowers 131.30
Seed weight 35.73 g
Estimated flower yield 28 tonnes/ha
Versha , 2014

25. 1.Nano-silver pulse treatments inhibit stem-end bacteria
on cut gerbera cv. Ruikou flowers
25
Changes in vase water uptake (A) and relative fresh weight (B) over time of cut gerbera
cv. Ruikou flowers following NS pulse treatments. NS at 5, 10 and 20 mg/L (n = 8)was
pulsed for 24 h at room temperature
Liu et al,2009

26. 26
NS concentration ( mg/L) Vase Life (days)
0 3.6±0.5
5 8.9±0.3
10 7.6±0.5
20 7.3±0.5
LSD 0.05 (n =10) 0.77
Changes over time for control (CK) and 5mg NS/L pulse treatments in numbers of vase
solution and stem-end bacteria for cut gerbera cv. Ruikou flowers.
Liu et al,2009

27. 27
Immediately after
cutting
Control
Pulsed with 5mg NS/L
Microscope observations showed that xylem vessels at the cut stem end were clear immediately
after cutting. On day 2 after pulse treatment, particles (probably bacteria and decay products)were
observed in vessels of control gerberas pulsed with DI. In contrast, few particles were evident on
day 2 in vessels of gerberas pulsed with 5mg NS/L.
Liu et al,2009

28. 28
Effect of two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 L L−1 ) of -CD-based-nanosponge 1:8 – 1-
MCP complex (CD-NS complex) on grey mould development of carnation cut flowers, compared
to commercial gaseous 1-MCP(0.25 L L−1 for 6 h), and to inoculated (B+ ) and non-inoculated
(B− ) controls.
2.Use of 1-methylcyclopropene in cyclodextrin-based nanosponges to control grey
mould caused by Botrytis cinera on Dianthus caryophyllus cut flowers
Seglie et al,2011

29. 29
Endogenous ethylene production in cut flowers of Dianthuscaryophyllus ‘Idra di
Muraglia’. Flowers were treated with -CD-based nanosponge 1:8 – 1-MCP complex
(CD-NS complex; 0.25 and 0.5µL L−1, a.i.), and gaseous 1-MCP treatment (0.25µL
L−1 for 6 h).Controls were inoculated (B+) or not (B−) with Botrytiscinerea.
Seglie et al,2011

30. 3.Effects of nano-silver treatment on vase life of cut rose cv.
Movie Star flowers
30Peitao Lü et al,2010
The effects of NS treatments on the vase life of cut rose cv. Movie Star
(each value represents a mean ± SE of 8 replicates

31. 31
Figure 1. Effects of NS treatments on the relative
fresh weight of cut rose
Figure 2. Effects of NS treatments on the vase water
uptake (A), vase water loss (B) and vase water
balance (C) of the cut rose.
Peitao Lü et al,2010

32. 32
Figure 5. The effects of NS treatments on the stomatal
conductance (A) and transpiration rate(B) of cut rose
cv.Movie Star flowers (n = 8). Vertical bars indicate LSD0.05
for the treatment by time interaction.
Figure 3. Photographs of antibacterial effects of NS. Left:
0.9% salt water (arrow showing the paper disc); Right: 10
mg L-1 NS (arrow showing the antibacterial zone).
Figure 4. The cross section of the vessel blockage in the
stem end of the cut rose flowers under SEM. The blockage in
vessels of Control on day 5 (A); the blockage in vessels of
Treatment 2 on day 5 (B) (white arrows showing the
blockage in vessels).
Peitao Lü et al,2010

33. 4.Improving vase life of carnation cut flowers by silver
nanoparticles acting as anti-ethylene agent
33
Fig. 1. Vase life (A; values are means at P ≤ 0.05, n = 3), flower diameter (B; n = 3).
The vertical bars indicate the LSD 0.05 for treatment comparisons.
Koohkan et al,2014

34. 34
Fig. 2. Relative fresh weight (A; n = 10), relative water uptake (B; n = 3), relative water loss (C;
n = 3),water balance value (D; n=3). The vertical bars indicate the LSD 0.05 for treatment
comparisons Koohkan et al,2014

35. 35
Fig. 3. The total chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD chlorophyll meter (A),
Ethylene production (nL. g-1 FW. h-1) (B), bacterial coloniesin solution (cfu. g -1) (C).
The vertical bars indicate LSD 0.05 for treatment comparisons.
Koohkan et al,2014

36. 36
Fig. 4. Concentrations of Ag in cut carnation basal stem end, upper stem end and leaves
as determined by ICP-AES (n = 3). The vertical bars indicate the LSD (0.05) for
treatment comparisons.
Koohkan et al,2014

37. 5.Effect of silver nanoparticles on the vase life and quality of cut
chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) flower
37
Fig 1. Effect of silver nanoparticles on vase life of Chrysanthemum morifolium L.N0:control,N1:
5 mg l-1 SN,N2: 10 mgl-1 SN, N3:20 mg l-1 SN.
Kazemipour et al 2013

38. 38
Fig 2.Effect of silver nanoparticleson Fresh weight lossof Chrysanthemum morifolium L. N0:
control,N1: 5 mg l-1 SN,N2: 10 mgl-1 SN, N3:20 mg l-1 SN.
Kazemipour et al 2013

39. 39
Fig 3.Effect of silver nanoparticles on Stem bacteria of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. N0:
control,N1: 5 mg l-1 SN,N2: 10 mgl-1 SN, N3:20 mg l-1 SN .
Kazemipour et al 2013

40. 40
Conclusio
n....

41. 41

42. The next big thing is going to be very small