sunprotection sunscreen classification of sunscreen,regulation of sunscreen

1. SUNPROTECTION
SUNSCREENS
Presented by
Sujitha mary

2. What is a sunscreen?
 Sunscreen, also known as suncream or sunblock,
is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that
absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV)
radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.

3. Why is it used?
To protect the skin of the human body from U
radiation.
 Effects of UV light
 Short term
 Sunburn
 Long term
 Thickening
 Wrinkling
 Cancer
 Cataracts

4. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SPECTRUM
UVA (Longwave Radiation)
 Range 320-400 nm
 Erythrogenic activity is weak, however penetrates
dermis
 Responsible for development of slow natural tan
 Most drug-induced photosensitivity rxn occurs
 UVA may augment the effects of UVB

5. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SPECTRUM
UVB (Middlewave Radiation)
 Range 290-320 nm
 Erythrogenic activity is the highest
 Produces new pigment formation, sunburn, Vit D
synthesis
 Responsible for inducing skin cancer

6. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SPECTRUM
UVC (Shortwave or Germicidal Radiation)
 Range 100-290 nm.
 Does not reach the surface of the earth.
 Is emitted from artificial ultraviolet sources.

7. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SPECTRUM
 Long-term hazards of skin damage from radiation:
 Malignancy:
 Squamous cell epithelioma
 Actinic keratosis
 Basal cell carcinoma
 Premature aging
 seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigo
 wrinkles, lines, etc

8. SUNSCREEN CLASSIFICATIONS
 Physical
 Opaque formulations containing:
 titanium dioxide
 talc, kaolin
 zinc oxide
 ferric chloride
 icthyol, red petrolatum
 Mechanism: scatters or reflects UV radiation due to large
particle size

9. SUNSCREEN CLASSIFICATIONS
 Chemical
 Formulations containing one or more:
 PABA, PABA esters
 benzophenones
 cinnamates
 salicylates
 digalloyl trioleate
 anthranilates
 Mechanism: absorbs UV radiation

10. SPF RATING
 Sun Protection Factor
 Determined by the amount of light that induces redness in
sunscreen protected skin divided by the amount of light
that induces redness in unprotected skin.
 Ratings vary from SPF 1 to 45 or even higher.
 Example- SPF 15 would delay the onset of sunburn from 10
minutes to 150 minutes

11. SPF RATING
• SPFs are determined indoors using xenon lamps
which approximate the spectral quality of UV
radiation
 Factors which influence effectiveness of SPFs
 Difference in skin types.
 Thickness of the applied sunscreen.
 Time of day.
 Altitude: each 1,000 ft increase adds 4% to the intensity of
erythema producing UV radiation; thus intensity is about 20%
greater in Pocatello than at sea level.
 Environment: snow/white surfaces reflect 70-90%, and when
directly overhead water reflects nearly 100% of UVR.
 Vehicle: determines skin penetration of sunscreen

12. SUNSCREENS
Category Skin Type SPF
I Always burns, never tans 15 >
II Burns easily 15
III Burns moderately, (avg caucasian) 10-15
IV Burns minimally, tans well (olive skin”) 6-10
V Rarely burns, tans profusely (brown skin) 4-6
VI Never burns (black skin) none

13. SUNCREEN AGENTS

14. SUNCREEN AGENTS
PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid)
 Very effective in the UVB range (200-320 nm).
 Most effective in conc of 5% in 70% ethanol.
 Maximum benefit when applied 60 min prior to exposure
(to ensure penetration and binding to stratum
corneum).
 Does NOT prevent drug/chemical-induced
photosensitivity rxn.
 Contact dermatitis can develop.
 May produce transient drying/stinging from alcohol
content (may be alleviated by adding 10-20%
glycerol).
 May stain clothing.

15. UV RADIATION A
 Suppresses immune system and allows cancer cells
to flourish.
 Some sunscreens can block UVA, but not effectively.
 Avobenzone quickly loses potency when applied to the
skin.
 Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are difficult to incorporate
into formulations.
 Sulisobenzone and dioxybenzone are difficult to solubilize
and are rarely used.

16. FDA Regulations
 FDA does not have any rules or methods to
determine UVA protection.
 Europe uses Boots PLC star rating system
 Measure of the ratio of UV-A to UV-B radiation absorbed
from a simulated light source (xenon lamps )
 For a five-star rating, a sunscreen's UV-A performance
must be at least 90% as good as its UV-B efficiency

17. FDA Regulations and alternatives
 Sunscreen suppliers currently modify approved
sunscreens
 Process for approval takes a long time
 Ultrafine titanium dioxide sunscreen doped with 0.7%
manganese
 Manganese changes the rutile pigment's electronic structure,
eliminating its potential to generate free radicals
 Manganese also makes the pigment a better UV-A filter than
undoped titanium dioxide

18. FDA Regulations and alternatives
 Diethyl hexyl syringylidene malonate, stabilizer
 Singlet oxygen quencher that will effectively boost the
sunscreen's photostability
 Increase effectiveness of the UV-A sunscreen avobenzone
 SPF Boosters
 Styrene acrylate copolymer
 Hollow spheres refract light and thereby increase the chance that
light will contact UV filters
 Boost SPF by 50 to 70%

19. THANK YOU