1) The document discusses respiration, which is the biological oxidation of organic compounds into CO2 and H2O with the release of energy. It occurs through catabolic processes in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells.
2) There are two main types of respiration - aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen and produces a large amount of ATP, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen and produces a small amount of ATP.
3) The document outlines the key stages of aerobic respiration - glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain (ETC). It provides details on the products and location of each stage. For
1. skhot1976@gmail.com Respirationskhot1976@gmail.com
U.2 Respiration, Seed Dormancy and Germination
2.a RESPIRATION
Dr. Sudhakar Sambhaji Khot
M.Sc., Ph.D., SET
Assistant Professor in Botany
Y. C. Warana Mahavidyalaya, Warananagar
SEMESTER- IV
Botany Paper VIII: DSC D14: PLANT METABOLISM
2. skhot1976@gmail.com Respiration
Dr. S. S. KHOT 2
SEMESTER- IV
Botany Paper VIII: DSC D14: PLANT METABOLISM
CREDITS: 2, LECTURE PERIOD: 3 PER WEEK- LECTURE HOURS
2.4 PER WEEK, MARKS: 50
2.a: Respiration 2.1: Introduction
2.2: Types of respiration
2.3: Glycolysis
2.4: Formation of Acetyl Co-A
2.5: TCA cycle
2.6: ETS in mitochondria
2.7: Fermentation
12
3. skhot1976@gmail.com Respiration
Introduction
Definition: It is biological oxidation in which organic compounds are organic
compounds are oxidized in to CO2 and H2O with release of energy.
• It occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria
• The breaking of complex substances through oxidation release of energy.
• Mainly by catabolic process.
• Respiratory substrate- Carbohydrates, Proteins, fats, Organic acid etc.
• Carbohydrate is main source of energy.
• Four main steps: Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle and ETC
3Dr. S. S. KHOT
4. skhot1976@gmail.com Respiration
Types of respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic
4Dr. S. S. KHOT
Aerobic Anaerobic
Reactants Glucose and oxygen Glucose
Products ATP, water, CO2
ATP and lactic acid (animals);
or ATP, ethanol, and CO2
Location
Cytoplasm (glycolysis)
and mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Stages
Glycolysis (anaerobic),
Krebs cycle, oxidative
phosphorylation
Glycolysis, fermentation
ATP
produced
Large amount (36
ATP)
Small amount (2 ATP)
5. skhot1976@gmail.com Respiration
Glycolysis
• Glycolysis has ten steps
• It takes place in the cytosol of
a cell
• It can be broken down into
two main phases:
– the energy-requiring phase
• Utilizes 2 ATP
– the energy-releasing phase
• Produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH
• Net Product: 2 ATP, 2 NADH
5Dr. S. S. KHOT
8. skhot1976@gmail.com Respiration
TCA Cycle
• TCA Cycle = tricarboxylic
acid cycle
• Krebs cycle = afterits
discoverer,Hans Krebs
• Citric acid cycle= first
productis citric acid
• takes place in the matrix
of the mitochondria
Decarboxylation = twice
NADH production = 3
FADH2 = 1
GTP = 1
8Dr. S. S. KHOT
TCA Cycle
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TCA Cycle
9Dr. S. S. KHOT
For single cycle :single Acetyl CoA
CO2 = twice
NADH production = 3
FADH2 = 1
GTP/ATP = 1
1 Glucose = 2 (Acetyl CoA)
Hence product X 2 for each Glu.
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ETC in mitochondria (Oxidative phosphorylation)
11Dr. S. S. KHOT
Protein complexes = 4
Ubiquinon = Q = mobile
electron carrier
Cyt C = electron carrier
O2 = electron acceptor
Regenationof NADH and
FAD
Developmentof
Chemiosmosis
(H+
) gradient
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ATP Yield after complete aerobic oxidationof glucose
Dr. S. S. KHOT 12
Stage NET Energy
produced
Conversionto ATP
Glycolysis 2 ATP
2NADH
02
06
Pyruvate oxidation 2NAHD 06
TCA cycle 2ATP
6NADH
2FADH2
02
18
04
TotalATP /glucose 38 ATP
