About nanotechnology

1. nanotechnology : Role in AGRICULTURE
with reference TO crop improvement
Department of genetics and plant breeding
Institute Of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi
Renu Yadav
M.Sc.(Ag.) Final
ID. NO:- 17412GPB024
Course seminar on

2. Contents at a glance
⮚Introduction
⮚What is nanotechnology
⮚Time lines of nanotechnology
⮚Evolution of nanotechnology in India
⮚Revolution of nanotechnology in Agriculture
⮚Nano particles
⮚Synthesis of myconanoparticles
⮚Various microbe in the synthesis of NPs
⮚ Application of nanotechnology
⮚ Disadvantages
⮚Case Study
⮚Future prospective
⮚Conclusion
⮚References
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3. 3
INTRODUCTION
⮚India is Agriculture dependent country with more than 60% of the
population reliant on it for their livelihood.
⮚In this era of climate change and increasing population, Agricultural
scientists and Farmers are facing a wide spectrum of challenges such as
stagnation in crop yields, low nutrient use efficiency, declining soil
organic matter, multi-nutrient deficiencies, biotic and abiotic stress,
shrinking arable land and water, high food demand etc.
⮚we need to attain a sustainable growth in agriculture at the rate of 4%
to meet the food security challenges and hence, in addition to the
conventional breeding methods new advance techniques like
biotechnology and nanotechnology are being exploited.

4. ⮚ The term “Nanotechnology” coined in 1974 by
Norio Taniguchi at the University of Tokyo.
⮚ Nanotechnology is the manipulation of individual
atoms, molecules, or molecular clusters into
structures to create materials with new properties.
⮚ A nanometre is one-billionth of a metre i.e. 10-9
what is nanotechnology … ?
( Source: Joseph and Morrison, 2006)
Norio Taniguchi,
1912-1999

5. Richard Smalley:
⮚Won the 1996 Nobel Prize for discovering
a new form of carbon:
‘a molecule of sixty carbon atoms’ (C60).
⮚ Also called ‘buckyball’
⮚Today C-60 has become one of a growing
number of building blocks for a new class of
nano-sized materials.
⮚US Senate passed a resolution to honour
Smalley, crediting him as the
“Father of Nanotechnology.”
⮚Nanotech began to accelerate in the late 1990’s
(Source: Rajan, 2006)
How did nanotechnology evolve….?
Richard Smalley
1943-2005
Buckyball

6. 6

7. EVOLOTION OF Nanotechnology in India
7
❖The 9th Five-Year Plan (1998-2002) first time national facilities and core groups
were set up to promote research in frontier areas of S&T which along with others
included nano materials.
❖Programme on “Nanomaterials: Science and Devices” was launched by the
Department of Science and Technology (DST) in 2000.
❖ Nanomaterials Science and Technology Mission (NSTM) was initiated in the 10th
Five Year Plan (2002-07) .
❖The Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) Rs. 1000 crore of was earmarked for the
Nano Mission focusing mainly on health and disease. Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-
2017) Rs. 650 crore was allocated.
❖NAIP – ICAR at CAZRI, Jodhpur presented its final report in 2014 on nanoparticles.

8. 8
❑Nanotechnology is emerging as the sixth revolutionary technology in
the current era after the Industrial Revolution of Mid 1700s, Nuclear
Energy Revolution of the 1940s, The Green Revolution of 1960s,
Information Technology Revolution of 1980s and Biotechnology
Revolution of the 1990s.
❑The recent statistics suggest that about 90% of the nano-based patents
and products have come from just seven countries, namely, China,
Germany, France, Japan, Switzerland, South Korea and USA.
Revolution of Nanotechnology in Agriculture

9. contd…..
Source: Mishra et. Al.,2015

10. 10

11. What are Nanoparticles…?
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12. 12

13. 13

14. 14
How nanoparticles are prepared ?

15. Synthesis of Myconanoparticles
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Fig:- Putative mechanisms of nanoparticle synthesis using fungal biosystems. Source:-Kashyap et al,. 2013

16. Microorganism Nanoparticle References
Fusarium oxysporum Ag Duran et al. (2005)
Aspergillus niger Zn, Ag Jaidev and Narasimha
(2010)
Aspergillus fumigatus Zn Tarafdar et al,. (2013)
Alternaria alternata Se Sarkar et al. (2011b)
Trichoderma asperellum Ag, Au, Zn Mukherjee et al. (2008)
Bipolaris nodulosa Au, Ag Saha et al. (2010)
Rhodococcus species Mn, Ag Ahmad et al. (2003)
Neurospora crassa Au, Ag Castro-Longoria et al.
(2011)
Penicillium sp. Au Du et al. (2011)
Proteus mirabilis Zn, Au Samadi et al. (2009)
Trichoderma harzianum Ag Singh and Balaji (2011)
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Various Microbes in the Synthesis of NPs

17. Applications
Of
Nanotechnology
17

18. 18
Mechanical
Engineering
Information
technology
Agriculture Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Medical
sciences
Imaging
technology
Applications of
Nanotechnology
Applications of Nanotechnology
www.scribd.com_doc7640458Nanotechnology-and-Its-Applications-in-Crop-Improvement

19. 19
Bio-processing
Water
management
Crop
improvement
Seed
technology
Biosensors
Soil
management
Plant disease
diagnostics
Efficient
pesticides
and fertilizers
Applications of nano-
technology in agriculture
Post Harvest
Technology
Precision
agriculture
www.scribd.com_doc7640458Nanotechnology-and-Its-Applications-in-Crop-Improvement
Applications of Nano- technology in Agriculture

20. 20
Potential Applications of Nanotechnology in crop
improvement
⮚ High throughput DNA sequencing and nanofabricated gel-free
systems
⮚ Nanoparticles For Gene Delivery
⮚ Microarrays and expression profiling
⮚ Increasing the speed and power of disease diagnostics
⮚ Creating bio-nanostructures for getting functional molecules into cells
⮚Miniaturizing biosensors

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High throughput DNA sequencing and nanofabricated gel-
free systems
❖ Research in nanotechnology is advancing toward the ability to sequence DNA in
nanofabricated gel-free systems, which would allow for significantly more rapid
DNA sequencing.
❖ Coupled with powerful approaches such as association genetic analysis, DNA
sequencing data of the crop germplasm, including the cultivated crop gene pool
and the wild relatives can potentially provide highly useful information about
molecular markers associated with agronomically and economically important
traits.
❖ Thus, nanotechnology can enhance the pace of progress in molecular marker-
assisted breeding for crop improvement.

22. 22
Microarrays and Expression Profiling
❖Microarray-based hybridization methods allow to simultaneously
measure the expression level for thousands of genes.
❖The development of novel formats for sequence determination and
patterns of genomic expression which can have significantly
higher throughput than current technologies is vital.
❖nanofabrication techniques can be used, for example, to pattern
surface chemistry for a variety of biosensor and biomedical
applications.

23. 23
Nanopore sequencing
Nanopore-based DNA sequencing protocols
allowing single molecule, electrical detection
of DNA sequence and have the potential of
low sample preparation work, high speed,
and low cost. These advances are a
substantial step forward in improving this
inexpensive and potentially more rapid
alternative to next-generation sequencing
Abd-Elsalam and Alghuthaymi, 2015

24. Oxford Nanopore
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26. Nanoparticle Mediated Genetic
Transformation
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❖Nanoparticles combined with chemical compounds deliver
genes into target cells
❖Decreasing the particle size from micro to nano scale,
hindrance due to cell wall can be removed, Cell damage can be
minimized
❖The particles can reach the chloroplast and mitochondria easily
❖Different NPs used are calcium phosphate, Carbon materials,
silica, gold magnetite, strontium phosphate.
❖Enable controlled release conditions

27. Disadvantages of Nanoparticles
❖Risk of toxic materials entering the food chain.
❖Cost benefit ratio is high.
❖Difficulty in synthesis, isolation and application.
❖Environmental degradation.
27
Source: www.scribd.com_doc7640458Disadvantages of Nanometerials

28. Case study-1
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29. 29
Result
❖ Nanomaterials not only facilitate biomolecule transport
into plant cells but also protect polypeptides from
nuclease degradation.
❖ Their work provides a tool for species-independent and
passive delivery of genetic material, without
transgene integration , into plant cells for diverse
biotechnology applications.

30. Case study-2
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31. Result
❖The results proved that the inclusion of Cu-NPs
significantly increased the percentage of explants
produced somatic embryos (from 15 to 84%) and the
average number of regenerated plantlets/explant
(from 4.3 to 18.7) in comparison to the control
treatment .
❖In addition, the results evidently proved that the use
of copper in the crystalline form as Cu-NPs is
superior to the ionic form .
31
Result

32. ❖ Nanotechnology requires a detailed understanding of science
and material technology, in combination with knowledge of
the agricultural production system.
❖ More studies are needed to explore the mode of action of
NP’s, their interaction with biomolecules and their impact on
the regulation of gene expression in plants.
❖ More research should be done on the potential adverse effects
of nanomaterials on human health, crop and the environmental
safety.
❖ Nanotechnology will be an undeniable force in near future.
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Future Prospective

33. rh
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Conclusion
❖Nanotechnology is capable of being used in
agriculture products that protect plants and monitor plant
growth and detect diseases.
❖Scientists are still seeking new applications of
nanotechnology in agriculture and food industry.
❖ Agricultural sector and the food industry will indeed
see tremendous changes for the better in the coming years.

34. ⮚ Ahmed S., Ibrahim , Ashraf H., Fahmy , Shreen S. Ahmed (2018). Copper
nanoparticles elevate regeneration capacity of (Ocimum basilicum L.) plant
via somatic embryogenesis, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 136:41–50.
⮚ Nair R. , Varghese S. H. , Nair B. G. , Maekawa T. , Yoshida Y. and Kumar D. S.
(2010). Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants. Plant Science. 179 : 154-163.
⮚ Prem Lal Kashyap , Sudheer Kumar ,Alok Kumar Srivastava ,Arun Kumar
Sharm(2013) :Myconanotechnology in agriculture: a perspective,World J
Microbiol Biotechnol. 29:191–207
⮚ Peng Wang, Enzo Lombi, Fang-Jie Zhao, and Peter M. Kopittke (2016):
Nanotechnology: A New Opportunity in Plant Sciences, Trends in Plant Science,,
Vol. 21, No. 8
⮚ Sandhya Mishra, Chetan keswani, H. B. Singh (2017). Integrated Approach of
Agri-nanotechnology: challenges and Future Trends in Frontiers in Plant Science.
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REFERENCES

35. Thank You