2. • Fundamental rights are required for the all round
development of a human being.
• These rights are specifically identified in a
Constitution.
• They make the life of people meaningful by giving
them rights like speech and to live in an area of
their choice.
• The Sustainable Development Goal 16 highlights
the link between promoting human rights.
3. • Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
• Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
• Right to Constitutional Remedies
• Right to privacy.
4. • The general principle of equality is a fundamental
element of international human rights law.
• It refers to equality before law and equal protection
of law.
• Discrimination on the grounds of religion, caste,
races, gender or place of birth is offensive and one
can seek justice from court.
5. • Freedom of speech and expression.
• Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
• Freedom to form associations and unions.
• Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India.
• Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of
India.
• Freedom to practice any profession and carry on
any occupation, trade or business.
6. • It is against the law to employ children below 14 years
of age in mines, factories or other occupations.
• The right against exploitation the abolition of
employment of children below the age of 14 years in
dangerous jobs like factories, mines, etc.
• Child labour is considered a gross violation of the spirit
and provisions of the constitution.
• Begar has been declared a crime and is punishable by
law.
• Human trafficking for the purpose of the slave trade is
also prohibited by law.
7. • Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion.
• this right includes freedom to change his religion or
belief and freedom, either alone in public or private
• This is done to show his religion or belief, in worship,
teaching practice and observance.
• Freedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be
subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by
law.
• These are necessary in a democratic society in the
interests of public safety, for the protection of public
order, health or morals, or for the protection of the
rights and freedoms of others.
8. • Right to constitutional remedies empowers the citizens to
move to a court of law in case of any denial of the
fundamental rights.
• The courts can issue various kinds of writs protecting the
rights of the citizens.
• Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution.
• By this right, a person can adopt Constitutional means and
approach a court if he is denied the Fundamental Rights.
• The court then issues orders which are called ‘Writs’ to the
government to restore the rights to the citizen.
• The Constitutional Remedies put to right anything which may
be wrong in terms of the Constitution.
• This right therefore protects and safeguards all other rights.
9. • habeas corpus
• mandamus
• Writ of Prohibition
• quo warranto
• certiorari
10. • The right to privacy is protected as an intrinsic part
of the right to life and personal liberty.
• The right to privacy is an element of various legal
traditions to restrain governmental and private
actions
• These actions threaten the privacy of individuals.
11. • The Constitution gives us the right to preserve,
protect and promote culture.
• We have the right to open schools, associations and
societies to preserve and promote our tradition and
culture.
• The government also promotes such activities by
giving grants.
• However, such institutions cannot deny admission
to anyone based on their caste, colour, creed or
even religion.
12. • The Fundamental Duties are defined as the moral
obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of
patriotism and to uphold the unity of India.
• There is reference to such duties in international
instruments such as the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights.
• The fundamental duties of citizens were added to the
constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976,by the
beginning there were only ten duties.
• the fundamental duties were increased to eleven by
the 86th Amendment in 2002.
13. • Respect for the Constitution and its ideals and institutions,
the National Flag and the National Anthem.
• To follow and cherish the noble ideals which inspired our
National Struggle for freedom.
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of
India.
• To defend the country and render national service when
called upon to do so.
• To promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood
amongst all the people of India, transcending religious,
linguistic, regional or sectional diversities, to renounce
practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite
culture.
14. • To protect and improve the natural environment
including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and have
compassion on living creatures.
• To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the
spirit of inquiry and reform.
• To safeguard public property and to abjure from
violence.
• To strive towards excellence in all spheresof individual
and collective activity, so that the nation constantly
rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievements.
• To provide opportunities for education by the parent
and guardian to their child or ward upto the age of 14
years.
