It contain complete information about oceanography.

1. OCEANOGRAPHY
BY: SONAM REHMANI

2. OCEANOGRAPHY
 Northern hemisphere: Land (61%)
Water (39%)
Land hemisphere
 Southern hemisphere: Land(19%)
Water (81%)
Water hemisphere
 Deepest ocean: Pacific ocean
 Shallowest ocean: Atlantic ocean
 Antarctic polar frontal zonal:60˚ (SOUTH)
Separates the icy waters of the southern ocean from warmer waters.

3. RELIEFS OF THE OCEAN BASIN

4. Continental shelf: Underwater landmass which extend from a continent resulting in an area
of relatively shallow water known as Continental shelf.
 Similar to continents in composition – SiAl (Granite)
FEATURES
Mountains
Depression
Mineral deposit and corals
 Depth 20m to 550m
 Composed of thin arenaceous sedimentary element i.e. Sand and Slit.
 Width
Tectonic activity
Marine process

5. Continental slope: The zone of steep slape [5˚ to 60˚] extending from the continent
shelf to the deep sea plains.
Because of steep slope there are no marine organisms.
Sub-marine canyons and trenches are common.
Continental rise: It is the distinction margin between continental crust and oceanic crust.
 Oceanic Trenches
• Long but narrow topographic depression of the sea floor.
• Deepest parts of ocean floor.
 Mariana Trench is Deepest.

6. FORMATION OF ISLANDS
• As volcano erupt they build up lava that may eventually break the water’s surface.
• When the top of the volcano appear above the water, an island is formed while the volcano
still beneath the ocean surface, it is called Seamount.
Seamount Volcanic Island
Erosion
Guyot