Content and images flood,drought,earthquake and other natural disasters...

1. SEMINAR REPORT
TITLED
DISASTER ASSESSMENT
SUBMITTED
BY:
SOHINI SHAH
ANERI SAVANI
RITUSHA SHAH
ARVA CHUNAVALA
Department of Computer Engineering

2. DISASTER ASSESSMENT
WHAT IS DISASTER?
A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage , ecological
disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on
largescale.
TYPES OF DISASTER:

3. TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER:
1.FLOOD
A flood is an overflow of water, a deluge of water that submerges land which is
normally dry.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FLOODING:
• Rainfall intensity
• Rainfall duration
• Topography
• Soil conditions
• Ground cover
CAUSES OF FLOOD AND FLOOD DAMAGE:
 Heavy rain
 Spring snowmelt
 Dam and levee failure
 Low absorption or no soil percolation
 Business and residential growth in flood areas.
FLOOD PREPAREDNESS:
 Know flood risk in area
 Prepare flood evacuation plan
 Obtain flood insurance if living in floodplain
 Keep important documents in water-proof box
 Check portable radio for current information and emergency messages
AFTER FLOOD:
 Stay out of flooded areas
 Reserve telephone for emergencies
 Avoid driving, except in emergencies
 Wait for authorities to issue message that it is safe to return
 Be aware that snakes and other animals may be in your house
• Stay out of flooded
areas
• Reserve telephone for emergencies

4. 2.DROUGHT
 There are many definitions, but usually it is a period of time where there is
much less than average rainfall.
TYPES OF DROUGHT:
 We can define drought in three main ways:
 · Meteorological drought: related to rainfall amounts
 · Hydrological drought: determined by water levels in reservoirs
 · Agricultural drought: related to the availability of water for crops
IMPACTS OF DROUGHT:
 Humans are conditioned to live with the average rainfall conditions therefore
in times of drought we suffer.
 Evapotranspiration, run off and infiltration will help determine the impact of
the drought.
 A drought may occur within a few weeks without rain in a humid area but will
take longer to occur without rain in a arid area.
 We might define drought in Libya as occurring when annual rainfall is less
than 180 mm, but in Bali, drought might be considered to occur after a period
of only 6 days without rain
FACTORS AFFECTING DROUGHT:
 Wealth
 Population
 Temperature
 Rainfall
 Run-off rates
 Land use
CAUSES OF DROUGHT:
 The initial cause of drought is associated with a change in atmospheric
conditions brought about by:
 Persistent high pressure
 El Nino and a change in ocean temperatures
 Changing depression tracks

5. 3.CYCLONE
 Defined as a violent storm that is characterized by high winds which rotates at
a calm center of low atmospheric pressure.
 The center has velocity of 50km an hour.
HOW CYCLONE IS FORMED?
 A cyclone is a storm that involves the movement of warm, high-pressure air
and cooler, low-pressure air. This movement of air causes a rotation that picks
up speed and creates a funnel.
IMPACTS OF CYCLONES:
 The coastal areas are subjected to severe wind storms and cyclonic storms.
 A full-grown cyclone is a violent whirl in the atmosphere 150 to 1000 km
across, 10 to 15 km high.
 Gale winds of 150 to 250 kmph or more spiral around the center of very low
pressure area.
 Torrential rains, occasional thunder and lightning flashes - join these under an
overcast black canopy.
 A storm surge is the sudden abnormal rise in the sea level caused by cyclone.
 The sea water flows across the coast as well as inland and then recedes back to
the sea.
 Great loss of life and property takes place in the process.

6. 4.EARTHQUAKE:
 Earthquake are caused by abrupt release of strain that has build up in
earth’s crust.
CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE:
 primary cause of an earthquake is faults .
 Surface causes
 Volcanic causes
 Tectonic causes
EVIDENCE OF UPCOMING EARTHQUAKE ARE:
FOLLOWING:
 Unusual animal behaviour
 Large scale of fluctuation of oil flow from oil wells
 Temperature change
 Change in seismic wave velocity
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE:
 Loss of life and property.
 DaDamage to infrastructure.
 Chances of fire short-circuit.
 Water pipes, sewers are disrupted

7. 5 .LANDSLIDES
 A landslide is a downward or outward movement of soil, rock or
vegetation, under the influence of gravity.
CAUSES OF LANDSLIDE:
A) Natural Factors:
 Gravity: Gravity works more effectively on steeper slopes.
 Geological factors: Geology setting that places permeable
sands and gravels above impermeable
layers of silt and clay or bedrock.
 Heavy and prolonged rainfall: slides occur often with intense
rain by creating zone of weakness, also water tables rise with heavy
rain makes some slopes unstable.
 Earthquakes: Ground vibrations created during Earthquakes.
EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDES:
A) Direct Effects:
 Physical Damage-Debris may block roads, supply lines
(telecommunication, electricity, water, etc.) and waterways.
 Causalities- deaths and injuries to people and animals.
B) Indirect Effects:
 Influence of landslides in dam safety- failure of the slopes
bordering the reservoir, Flooding caused by movements of
large masses of soil into the reservoir.
AFTER LANDSLIDES:
 Stay away from the landslide area as there may be danger of additional
slides. Do not drive through.
 Watch for flooding which may occur after a landslide.
 Check for injured or trapped persons near the slide, without entering
the slide area. Direct rescuers to their locations.

8. REFERENCES:
 www.engineering4theworld.org/LAP)
 http://www.slideshare.net/mahmoodjan71?utm_campaign=pr
ofiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=sslideview
 www.slideshare.net/liano8?utm_campaign=profiletracking&
utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview

9.  A landslide is a downward or outward movement of soil, rock
or vegetation, under the influence of gravity.
Economic activities like agricult
• Avoid driving, except in emergencies
• Wait for authorities to issue message that it is
safe to return
• Be aware that snakes and other animals may
be in your house
• Stay out of flooded areas
• Reserve telephone for emergencies
• Avoid driving, except in emergencies
• Wait for authorities to issue message that it is
safe to return
• Be aware that snakes and other animals may
be in your house