itts a management course

1. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS VARIOUS TYPES
OF MOTIVATION THEORIES
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Various Types of Motivation Theories
● Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
● Douglas Mc Gergor’s X & Y Theory
● Hygiene Theory
● ERG (Existence,Recognition,Growth) Theory
● Three Needs Theory
● Goal setting Theory
● Reinforcement Theory
● Equity Theory
● Expactancy Theory

2. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
The basis of Maslow’s theory of motivation is that human beings are
motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be
satisfied before higher needs can be adressed.
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3. Douglas Mc Gergor’s X & Y Theory
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Theory X managers tend to take a pessimistic view of their people, and assume that they
are naturally unmotivated and dislike work. As a result, they think that team members need
to be prompted, rewarded or punished constantly to make sure that they complete their
tasks.
Theory Y managers have an optimistic, positive opinion of their people, and they use a
decentralized, participative management style. This encourages a more collaborative ,
trust-based relationship between managers and their team members.

4. Hygiene Theory
Hygiene Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, argues
that there are two factors that an organization can adjust to influence
motivation in the workplace.
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Motivators: Which can encourage employees to work harder.
Hygiene factors: These won’t encourage employees to work harder but they will
cause them to become unmotivated if they are not present.
These factors are:

5. ERG (Existance,recognition,Growth) Theory
Professor Erderfer refined maslow’s 5 needs hierarchy
theory & grouped them into 3 groups of needs.
ERG argues that people may have different groups of needs to
be satisfied simultaneously & satisfication of higher level of
needs may decrease demand for lower level needs & vice-versa.
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6. Three Needs Theory
McClelland's Human Motivation Theory states that every person has
one of three main driving motivators: the needs for achievement,
affiliation, or power. These motivators are not inherent; we develop
them through our culture and life experiences
David McClelland found in his investigations that people are
motivated at Work place by 3 important needs.These needs are:
● Needs for achievement.
● Needs for power.
● Needs for friendship & esteem.
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7. In 1960’s, Edwin Locke put forward the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This
theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. It
states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback
contribute to higher and better task performance.
Goal Setting Theory
In the workplace, goal setting helps keep employees motivated and focused
and helps the operation run more efficiently. It can range from professional
growth to financial gains and should provide a vision and purpose for all involved.
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8. Reinforcement theory
Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF Skinner and his associates. It
states that individual’s behaviour is a function of its consequences.It is based on “law of
effect”, individual’s behaviour with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but
individual’s behaviour with negative consequences tends not to be repeated.
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9. Equity Theory
Equity Theory is based on the idea that individuals are motivated by fairness. In
simple terms, equity theory states that if an individual identifies an inequity
between themselves and a peer, they will adjust the work they do to make the
situation fair in their eyes.
As an example of equity theory, if an employee learns that a peer doing exactly
the same job as them is earning more money, then they may choose to do less
work, thus creating fairness in their eyes.
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10. Expectancy Theory
In 1964, Canadian professor of psychology Victor Vroom developed the
Expectancy Theory. In it, he studied people’s motivation and concluded it
depends on three factors: Expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
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Motivational force = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
Thank You