2. INITIAL CONDITIONSINITIAL CONDITIONS
In Initial conditions, we find the change in
selected variables in a circuit when one or
more switches are moved from open to
closed positions or vice versa.
t=0-
indicates the time just before changing
the position of the switch
t=0 indicates the time when the position of
switch is changed
t=0+
indicates the time immediately after
changing the position of switch
3. INITIAL CONDITIONS
1.1. RESISTORRESISTOR
The voltage current relation of an ideal resistance
is
V=R*I
From this equation it can be concluded that the
instantaneous current flowing through the resistor
changes if the instantaneous voltage across it
changes & vice versa
The past voltage or current values have no effect
on the present or future working of the resistor i.e..
It’s resistance remains the same irrespective of the
past conditions
9. • If V(0-
)=0V , then V(0+
)=0V indicating the capacitor
as a short circuit
• If V(0-
)= V volts, then the capacitor can be
visualized as a voltage source of V volts
10.
11. EXAMPLE-1 :EXAMPLE-1 : In the network shown in the figure
the switch is closed at t=0. Determine i, (di/dt)
and (d2
i/dt2
) at t=0+
.
At t=0-
, the switch is Closed. Due to which
il(0-
)=0A
Vc(0-
)=0V