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1. EXOGENIC
PROCESSES
Castañares, Angellyn
Castillo, Sofia

2. EXOGENIC PROCESSES or
DENUDATION
> Refers to activities or phenomena that occur on
the earth's surface.
> Weathering, Soil Formation, Erosion
> Related to the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
biosphere

3. WEATHERING
> This process reduces the size of rocks and
prepares materials for transport.
> Different climate conditions, temperature
fluctuations, and even the location of rocks affect
this process.
> Mechanical & Chemical Weathering

4. WEATHERING: Mechanical
> The breaking down of rocks without changing their
chemical composition.
> Mechanical process depend on some applied
forces:
a. Wind
b. Water
c. Gravity

5. WEATHERING: Chemical
> The breaking of rocks by chemical mechanisms:
a. Hydration – a reaction that occurs when the
minerals in a rock dissolve when they come in contact
with water.
b. Carbonation – the reaction between rocks and
carbonic acid formed by the dissolution of carbon
dioxide in water.
c. Oxygen – may react with metal in rocks,
oxidizing these metals and changing their physical
and chemical properties.

6. SOIL FORMATION
> Soil is made up of humus which is the product
of weathering and non decaying organic matter.
> Different soil types are identified based on
certain factors such as the type of parent rock,
climate, period of accumulation, elevation,
amount of rainfall, and other environmental
variables.

7. SOIL FORMATION
> Kinds of soil:
a. Sandy - has the largest particles among the different soil types. It’s
dry and gritty to the touch, and because the particles have huge spaces
between them, it can’t hold on to water.
b. Silty - has much smaller particles than sandy soil so it’s smooth to the
touch. When moistened, it’s soapy slick.
c. Clay soil has the smallest particles among the three so it has good
water storage qualities. It’s sticky to the touch when wet, but smooth
when dry.
d. Loam - It contains a balance of all three soil materials—silt, sand and
clay—plus humus.

8. SOIL FORMATION

9. EROSION
> Takes place when the material is
moved/transported from one place to
another by natural elements such as
moving water, wind, gravity, and
animals.

10. EROSION: Water
> Running water is the most significant agent of erosion.

11. EROSION: Wind
> Wind is capable to transport materials from one place
to another.

12. EROSION: Gravity
> Gravity is an agent of erosion that makes rocks to fall down
from high places then causes water to flow.
> These movements, combined with soil, result in the
displacement of materials down from a higher location. This
process is known as mass movement or mass wasting.

13. Gravity: Mass Movement
> There are different mass movements, depending on the materials involved
or the manner of movement.
> The slow movement of large quantities of soil over a long period is called a
creep.
> On the other hand, mass movement can also be in a rapid movement:
a. Landslides – rocks fall out of their places and travel along a slope.
b. Mudflow – caused by landslide with a significant amount of water such as
flood

14. Gravity: Mass Movements

15. EROSION: ANIMALS
> Animals can also exert an impact on erosion.