This document discusses the three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. It defines each state and compares their physical properties such as shape, volume, density, compressibility, kinetic energy, and ability to flow. Solids have a definite shape and volume while liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. Gases have no definite shape or volume. The document also briefly mentions plasma and other exotic states that can occur in laboratories or space. Overall, it provides a basic overview of the three common states of matter and how they differ physically.

1. STATES OF MATTER
By sneha pandey
B. Pharm IInd year

2. MATTER
Any substance or anything that has mass and occupy space
are called matter.
Matter can exists in different forms/ states.

3. On the basis of physical properties matter can be
classified as :-
● Solid
● Liquid
● Gas
And these are the three basic states of matter that
occur naturally. Others states like like plasma and
dense nuclear material that constitutes nuclear stars.
Can occur in laboratory or cosmos .

4. On the basis of chemical properties matter are classified
as :-
Pure substance
● Elements ( made
up of one
component)
● Compound ( have
fixed atomic
number and
proportion)
Mixture
● Homogenous
● Heterogeneous

5. GASES: A substance that has no definite volume or shape “a fluid that
has neither independent volume or shape but tends to expand
indefinitely”.
LIQUIDS: A substance that has definite volume but no definite shape ,
“neither solid nor gases : characterized by the free movement of the
constituents molecules among themselves but without the tendency to
seperate.”
SOLIDS: A substance that has definite shape and definite volume,
“neither gaseous nor liquid ; a substance that does not flow perceptibly
under moderate stress.”

6. PROPERTIES OF SOLID , LIQUID
AND GAS
Properties Solid liquid Gases
Shape Definite Definite Indefinite
Volume Definite Definite Indefinite
Kinetic Energy low Intermediate highest k.E
(Motion in particles)
Compressibility Low Intermediate High (LPG)

7. Properties Solid liquid Gases
Potential Energy Very high Medium Very less
(Force of attraction)
Inter molecular space Less Medium Highest
(Space between molecules)
Diffusion Rate(Mass movement very low Moderate very high
from one place to another)
Density(mass per unit volume) Very high Medium very low
Rigidity very rigid less rigid No rigidity

8. Properties solid liquid Gases
Flow ability can't flow easily flow easily flow easily
Expansion on heat very low Medium Very high