Biomaterial -A SYNTHETIC OR NATURAL MATERIAL USED TO REPLACE PART OF A LIVING SYSTEM OR TO FUNCTION IN INTIMATE CONTACT

1. Gandhinagar Institute
of Technology(012)
Subject : Physics (2110011)
Active Learning Assignment
Topic Name: BIOMATERIALS
Branch : Computer
DIV. : C - 1
Enroll No. : 160120107145
Prepared by : - Simoni Shah
Guided By: Prof. Nirav Pandya

2. OUTLINEOUTLINE
BIOMATERIALS
DEFINITION
IMPORTANT FACTOR
TYPES OF SYNTHETIC BIOMATERIALS
NATURAL BIOMATERIALS
EXAMPLES OF BIOMATERIAL APPLICATION

3. DEFINITION
IN SURGICAL TERMINOLOGY , A BIOMATERIAL IS
DEFINED AS A SYNTHETIC OR NATURAL
MATERIAL USED TO REPLACE PART OF A LIVING
SYSTEM OR TO FUNCTION IN INTIMATE CONTACT
WITH LIVING TISSUE.

4. IMPTORTANT FACTOR
THE TWO IMPORTANT FACTORS TO BE
CONSIDERED BEFORE SELECTING A MATERIAL
AS A PROSTHETIC DEVICE ARE DESCRIBED
BELOW :-
I.BIOFUNCTIONALITY (FUNTIONAL
PERFORMANCE)
II.BIOCOMPATIBILITY

5. BIOFUNCTIONALITY (FUNTIONAL
PERFORMANCE)
THIS CONCERNS THE EFFECT OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENT ON THE MATERIAL OR DEVICE AND
ENSURES THAT THE MATERIAL DELIVERS THE
DESIRED FUNCTION MOST EFFECTIVELY.
BIOCOMPATIBILITY
THIS CONCERNS THE EFFECTS OF PROSTHETIC
DEVICE MATERIAL WITHIN THE BODY.
THAT IS, THE MATERIAL SHOULD NOT UNDERGO A
DEGRADATION IN ITS PROPERTIES WITHIN THE
ENVIRONMENT OF THE BODY AND SHOULD NOT
CAUSE ANY ADVERSE EFFECT.

6. TYPES OF SYNTHETIC
BIOMATERIALS
BIOMATERIALS ARE IN GENERAL CLASSIFIED
INTO FOLLOWING TYPES :-
1.METALS AND ALLOYS
2.POLYMERS
3.CERAMICS
4.COMPOSITES

7. 1.METALS AND ALLOYS
METALS ARE MOST WIDELY USED FOR LOAD-BEARING
IMPLANTS DUE THEIR HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH
AND TOUGHNESS.
THREE MAJOR MATERIAL ARE :-
STAINLESS STEEL 316L
COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
PURE TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOY

8. 2. POLYMERS
POLYMERS HAVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES THAT ARE
MOST SIMILAR TO THE NATURAL TISSUES.
THE BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS ARE USED FOR
CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY , FRACTURE FIXATION
AND TISSUE ENGINEERING.
FOR EXAMPLE:-
POLYETHYLENE
POLYESTERS

9. 3. CERAMICS
CERAMICS ARE WIDELY USED IN FILEDS SUCH AS
DENTISTRY AND ORTHOPEDICS.
THE CERAMIC MATERIALS ARE NON-METALLIC
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT EXHIBIT GREAT
STIFFNESS , HIGH RESISTANCE TO CORROSION AND
LOW DENSITY.
FOR EXAMPLE:-
ALUMINA
CARBONS

10. 4. COMPOSITES
COMPOSITE BIOMATERIALS FIND THEIR
APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF DENTISTRY AS
RESTORATIVE MATERIALS OR AS DENTAL CEMENT.
THESE MATERIALS ARE EXTENSTIVELY USED FOR
PROSTHETIC LIMBS BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW DENSITY
AND HIGH STRENGTH PROPERTY.
FOR EXAMPLE:-
SILICA FILLERS
GLASS FILLER

11. NATURAL BIOMATERIALS
THE BIOMATERIALS DERIVED FROM THE ANIMALS
AND PLANTS ARE CALLED NATURAL
BIOMATERIALS.
IT DOES NOT OFFER THE PROBLEM OF TOXICITY
OFTEN FACED BY THE SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.
THE BEST EXAMPLE OF IT IS COLLAGEN(PROTIEN).

12. EXAMPLES OF BIOMATERIAL
APPLICATION
 HEART VALVE
DENTAL IMPLANTS
LENS
HIP REPLACEMENT