The document discusses important industrial microorganisms used in biotechnology and their applications. It describes how industrial microbes like bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and viruses are employed in mass production of chemicals, foods, fuels, enzymes and antibiotics. Specific examples mentioned include using lactobacillus bacteria in yogurt production, streptomyces bacteria for antibiotics like erythromycin, penicillium fungi for penicillin, and yeast for ethanol fermentation. The document outlines properties of useful industrial microbes and how they are categorized based on their metabolic products and the industries they impact.

1. SUBMITTED BY,
JENIFER JULIE .S
II PG MICROBIOLOGY
REG.NO 20201232516107
SUBBMITEDTO,
Dr. S.VISWANATHAN
HEAD DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY
SEMESTER – IV
FERMENTATION & INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANT MICROBES

2. What is Industrial
Microorganism?
 Industrial microorganism is the branch of
biotechnology that applies in industry for
creating industrial products in mass
quantities.
 Industrial biotechnology uses
microorganisms to make bio based products
such as chemicals , food and feed ,
detergents , paper and pulp , textile and
bioenergy with less waste generation &
reduce energy consumption.

3. Properties of useful industrial
microorganism
 Produces spores can be easily inoculated
 Grows rapidly on a large scale in inexpensive
medium
 Produces desired product quickly
 Should not be pathogenic
 Amenable to genetic manipulation

4. Metabolic products
 Traditionally , microbes used in fermentation
processes have been naturally occurring strains of
bacteria and molds that carry out a specific metabolic
reaction on a substrate.
 In the last 25 years, industrial microbes have
increasingly been mutant strains engineered to
selectively synthesize maximized amounts of various
metabolic intermediates.
 The products of an industrial microbial process can be
divided into two broad classes:
1. Principal Metabolites
2. Secondary Metabolites

6. Examples of primary metabolites &
secondary metabolites

7. Microbe Types
 Industrial microorganisms generally fall into
one of the following categories:
 Bacteria
 Algae
 Fungi
 Yeasts
 Viruses

8. Industrial important bacteria
 Among the earliest life forms, bacteria are
prokaryotes (lacking defined nuclei) with
staggering metabolic diversity.
 Industrially, many different bacterial species
are used in a wide range of processes from
biofuels to pharmaceuticals
Lactococcus : used as starter in yogurt
manufacture , produces copious amount of
lactic acid
Streptococcus : used in yogurt manufacture
Enterococcus : used in monitor water quality
Pediococcus : Spoils beer required in special
beers such as lambric beer drunk in parts of
belgium
Leuconostoc : Involved in pickling of vegetables ,
produce dextrans from sucrose.
Lactococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Pediococcus
Leuconostoc

9. Lactic acid bacteria
 Lactic acid bacteria are rods are
cocci
 Its is divided into two major groups:
homofermentative
heterofermentative
Desirable characteristics of lactic acid
bacteria as industrial
microorganisms.
Lactobacillus delbreuckii : ferment
sucrose
Lactobacillus helveticus : use lactose
and glucose
Lactobacillus lactics : ferment glucose
, sucrose and galactose
Lactobacillus pentosus : ferment
sulfide waste liquor

10. Actinobacteria
Industrial
importance are:
Streptomyces: many
antibiotics as well as non-
anti-microbial drugs have
been obtained.
Erythromycin , Neomycin ,
Tetracycline and Cefoxitin.
Corynebacterium spp :
secreters of aminoacid
Clostridium spp :
convert sugar into alcohol
Bacillus spp : enzyme
production , to kill insects.
 Actinobacteria

12. Industrial important
of fungi
 Fungi are used in industries for manufacturing large
varieties of useful materials for mankind such as
metabolites , enzymes and food.
 The filamentous fungi are used in many different process
in food industry for manufacture of different metabolites
and variety of other processes.

13. Fungi in drug industry
 Penicillin :
Derived from Penicillium chrysogenum was first used successfully
to treat an infection caused by a bacterium.
 Cephalosporin’s :
The original fungus found to produce the compounds was a
Cephalosporium
Penicillium griseofulvin:
Griseofulvin is fungi static , rather than fungicidal.It is used for the
treatment of dermatophytes, as it accumulates in the hair and skin
following topical application
Cyclosporine A
It is a primary metabolite of several fungi , including Trichoderma
polysporum and Cylindrocarpon lucidum
Gliotoxins
Produced by many fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus

15. Algae
 The term algae refers to an extremely
diverse group of eukaryotes (organisms
with defined cellular nuclei), strains of
which are used industrially in the
production of
 Biofuels, such as biodiesel,
 Wastewater treatment,
 Among other uses

16.  a)Chlorella
 Chlorella get popularity after use in space research center and
nuclear submarine to generate oxygen.
 It is also famous for it’s nutrient value. It contains 30%
carbohydrate, 30% protein, 15% lipids, and also vitamin B and
other nutrients. Which are essential for human beings as well
as animals.
 (b). Laminaria
 It has 57% carbohydrate and is mostly used to prepare a
popular dish known as ‘Kombu’.
 (c). Chondrus
 It is an Irish moss and is cooked with milk and prepared in a
popular dish known as blancmanges.
 (d). Porphyria
 It is a seaweed of Rhodophyceae which contains 45%
carbohydrate, 35% protein, and vitamin B.
 It is used to prepare a popular dish in japan named ‘Asakusa-
Nori’(Porphyra tenera).
Industrial important algae

17. (e) Spirulina
 Spirulina is a blue-green algae that contains 60%
protein, vitamin, and unsaturated fatty acid.
 In India Spirulina is available as a tablet.
(f). Spirogyra
 In south India, it is used to prepare a popular dish
known as green laver.
 Spirogyra is commercially cultivated in Japan,
Korea, andTaiwan, such as Ise Bay.
(g). Ulva
 In Japan, it is used as a salad.
(h). Nostoc
 In China, nostoc is used to prepare soup by
boiling it

18. Algae

19. Yeast
 Likely the oldest domesticated
microorganism, yeast is a single-celled
eukaryote best known industrially for
producing ethanol from sugars by
fermentation.

21. Virus
Viruses are employed in the production of different
vaccines used medically to prevent viral diseases or
infections.
Viruses are sources of important enzymes such as
reverse transcriptase used in molecular biology or
biotechnology processes for the production of important
drugs and other pharmaceuticals
Viruses can act as gene vectors for the useful
production of useful proteins such as interferons

22. Organisms and method for
amino acid production

23. Some important microbial
enzymes and their application

24. Sources and name of common
antibiotics

28. Reference
 https:www.chemengonline.com/industrial-
microorganisms/
 http://www.slideshare.net/MRakibulIslam/indu
strial-microorganisms

29. Thank you......