INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BIOGAS ? WHAT IS BIOGAS PLANT ? RAW MATERIAL TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT CONSTRUCTION WORKING OF BIOGAS PLANT ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF BIOGAS PLANT CONCLUSION

1. PRESENTATION REPORT ON
BIOGAS PLANT
NAME : SAKHARELIYA SHUBHAM A.
ENROLLMENT NO. : 180470105047
BRANCH : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT : ENERGYTECHNOLOGY

2. : CONTENTS :
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS BIOGAS ?
• WHAT IS BIOGAS PLANT ?
• RAW MATERIAL
• TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT
• CONSTRUCTION
• WORKING OF BIOGAS PLANT
• ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF BIOGAS PLANT
• CONCLUSION
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3. : INTRODUCTION :
• BIOGAS IS GENERATED WHEN BACTERIA DEGRADE BIOLOGICAL
MATERIAL INTHE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, IS A PROCESS KNOWN AS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION.
• CONVENTIONAL ANAEROBIC DIGESTION HAS BEEN A "LIQUID"
PROCESS, WHEREWASTE IS MIXEDWITHWATERTO DIGESTION,
BUT A "SOLID" PROCESS IS ALSO POSSIBLE, AS OCCURS IN
LANDFILL SITES.
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4. :WHAT IS BIOGAS ? :
• BIOGAS IS A CLEAN AND EFFICIENT FUEL.
• IT IS A MIXTURE OF:
- METHANE (CH4)
- CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
- HYDROGEN (H2)
- HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S)
• THE MAIN CONSTITUENT OF BIOGAS IS METHANE (65%).
• BIOGAS CAN PROVIDE A CLEAN, EASILY CONTROLLED SOURCE OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS.
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5. : WHAT IS BIOGAS PLANT ? :
• A BIOGAS PLANT IS AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTERTHAT PRODUCES BIOGAS
FROM ANIMAL WASTES OR ENERGY CROPS.
• THE DIGESTER IS AN AIRTIGHT CONTAINER INWHICHTHEWASTE IS
DUMPED AND DECOMPOSED, ANDTHE GAS HOLDER IS ATANKTHAT
HARNESSESTHE GASES EMITTED BYTHE SLURRY.
• BACTERIA WITHINTHE DIGESTERTANK BREAKS DOWNTHEWASTE AND,
AS IT DECOMPOSES, GASES SUCH AS CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE,
HYDROGEN, AND NITROGEN, ARE RELEASED.THROUGH A PRESSURIZED
SYSTEM,THE GAS HOLDER CONDUCTSTHE FLOW OFTHESE GASES
UPWARD INTO A HOLE IN ITS DRUM.
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6. : WHAT IS BIOGAS PLANT ? :
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7. : RAW MATERIAL :
• THERE ARE FORMS OF BIOMASS BELOW WHICH MAY BE USED ALONG WITH
WATER.
- ANIMAL DUNG
- POULTRY WASTES
- PLANT WASTES ( HUSK, GRASS,WEEDS ETC.)
- HUMAN EXCRETA
- INDUSTRIAL WASTES(SAW DUST,WASTES FROM FOOD
PROCESSING INDUSTRIES)
- DOMESTIC WASTES (VEGETABLE PEELS,WASTE FOOD MATERIALS.
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8. :TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT :
• THERE ARETWOTYPES OF BIOGAS PLANTS IN USAGE FORTHE
PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS.
• THESE ARE:
1.THE FIXED DOMETYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT
2.THE FLOATING GAS HOLDERTYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT
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9. :THE FIXED- DOMETYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT :
• A FIXED-DOME PLANT CONSISTS
OF A DIGESTERWITH A FIXED, NON-
MOVABLE GAS HOLDER,WHICH
SITS ONTOP OFTHE DIGESTER.
• ADVANTAGE -THE COSTS OF A
FIXED-DOME BIOGAS PLANT ARE
RELATIVELY LOW. IT IS SIMPLE AS
NO MOVING PARTS EXIST.THERE
ARE ALSO NO RUSTING STEEL
PARTS AND HENCE A LONG LIFE OF
THE PLANT (20YEARS OR MORE)
CAN BE EXPECTED.
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10. :THE FLOATING GAS HOLDERTYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT:
• FLOATING-DRUM PLANTS CONSIST OF AN
UNDERGROUND DIGESTERAND A MOVING
GAS-HOLDER.
• THE GAS-HOLDER FLOATS EITHER
DIRECTLY ONTHE FERMENTATION SLURRY
OR IN AWATER JACKET OF ITS OWN.
• THE GAS IS COLLECTED INTHE GAS DRUM,
WHICH RISESOR MOVES DOWN,
ACCORDINGTOTHE AMOUNT OF GAS
STORED.
• ADVANTAGE- FLOATING-DRUM PLANTS
ARE EASYTO UNDERSTANDAND OPERATE.
THEY PROVIDEGAS AT A CONSTANT
PRESSURE, ANDTHE STORED GAS-VOLUME
IS IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZABLE BYTHE
POSITIONOFTHE DRUM.
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11. : CONSTRUCTION :
• FOR FIXED DOMETYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT
 MIXINGTANK - PRESENT ABOVETHE GROUND LEVEL.
 INLETTANK -THE MIXINGTANK OPENS UNDERGROUND INTO A SLOPING
INLET CHAMBER.
 DIGESTER -THE INLET CHAMBER OPENS FROM BELOW INTOTHE
DIGESTER WHICH IS A HUGETANK WITH A DOME LIKE
CEILING.THE CEILING OFTHE DIGESTER HAS AN OUTLET
WITH AVALVE FORTHE SUPPLY OF BIOGAS.
 OUTLETTANK -THE DIGESTER OPENS FROM BELOW INTO AN OUTLET
CHAMBER.
 OVERFLOWTANK -THE OUTLET CHAMBER OPENS FROMTHETOP INTO A
SMALL OVER FLOWTANK.
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12. : CONSTRUCTION :
• FOR FLOATING GAS HOLDERTYPE OF BIOGAS PLANT
 MIXINGTANK - PRESENT ABOVETHE GROUND LEVEL.
DIGESTERTANK - DEEP UNDERGROUND WELL-LIKE STRUCTURE.
IT IS DIVIDED INTOTWO CHAMBERS BY A
PARTITIONWALL IN BETWEEN.
 IT HASTWO LONG CEMENT PIPES
I) INLET PIPE OPENING INTOTHE INLET CHAMBER FOR INTRODUCTION OF SLURRY.
II) OUTLET PIPE OPENING INTOTHE OVERFLOWTANK FOR REMOVAL OF SPENT
SLURRY.
 GAS HOLDER - AN INVERTED STEEL DRUM RESTING ABOVETHE DIGESTER.THE
DRUM CAN MOVE UP AND DOWN I.E., FLOAT OVERTHE DIGESTER.
THE GAS HOLDER HAS AN OUTLET ATTHETOPWHICH COULD BE
CONNECTED TO GAS STOVES.
 OVER FLOWTANK - PRESENT ABOVETHE GROUND LEVEL.
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13. :WORKING OF BIOGAS PLANT :
• THEVARIOUS FORMS OF BIOMASS ARE MIXEDWITH AN EQUAL
QUANTITY OFWATER INTHE MIXINGTANK.THIS FORMSTHE SLURRY.
• THE SLURRY IS FED INTOTHE DIGESTERTHROUGHTHE INLET CHAMBER.
• WHENTHE DIGESTER IS PARTIALLY FILLED WITHTHE SLURRY,THE
INTRODUCTION OF SLURRY IS STOPPED ANDTHE PLANT IS LEFT UNUSED
FOR ABOUTTWO MONTHS.
• DURINGTHESETWO MONTHS, ANAEROBIC BACTERIA PRESENT INTHE
SLURRY DECOMPOSE OR FERMENTSTHE BIOMASS INTHE PRESENCE OF
WATER.
• AS A RESULT OF ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION, BIOGAS IS FORMED, WHICH
STARTS COLLECTING INTHE DOME OFTHE DIGESTER.
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14. :WORKING OF BIOGAS PLANT :
• AS MORE AND MORE BIOGAS STARTS COLLECTING, THE PRESSURE
EXERTED BYTHE BIOGAS FORCESTHE SPENT SLURRY INTOTHE OUTLET
CHAMBER.
• FROMTHE OUTLET CHAMBER,THE SPENT SLURRY OVERFLOWS INTOTHE
OVERFLOW TANK.
• THE SPENT SLURRY IS MANUALLY REMOVED FROMTHE OVERFLOW TANK
AND USED AS MANURE FOR PLANTS.
• THE GASVALVE CONNECTEDTO A SYSTEM OF PIPELINES IS OPENED
WHEN A SUPPLY OF BIOGAS IS REQUIRED.
• TO OBTAIN A CONTINUOUS SUPPLY OF BIOGAS, A FUNCTIONING PLANT
CAN BE FED CONTINUOUSLY WITHTHE PREPARED SLURRY.
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15. : ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS PLANT :
• RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
• HIGH CALORIFICVALUE
• CLEAN FUEL
• NO RESIDUE PRODUCED
• NO SMOKE PRODUCED
• NON POLLUTING
• ECONOMICAL
• CAN BE SUPPLIEDTHROUGH PIPE LINES
• BURNS READILY - HAS A CONVENIENT IGNITIONTEMPERATURE
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16. : LIMITATIONS OF BIOGAS PLANT :
• INITIAL COST OF INSTALLATION OFTHE PLANT IS HIGH.
• NUMBER OF CATTLE OWNED BY AN AVERAGE FAMILY OF FARMERS
IS INADEQUATETO FEED A BIOGAS PLANT.
• NOT ATTRACTIVE ON LARGE SCALE
• UNSTABLE
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17. : CONCLUSION :
• BIOGAS IS A CLEAN SOURCE OF ENERGY. BIOGAS PLANTS HAVE
BEEN IN OPERATION FOR A LONG PERIOD OFTIME, ESPECIALLY IN
RURAL AREAS AROUNDTHE GLOBE.
• THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD FOCUS ON NEWER
EFFICIENT LOW COST DESIGNS.
• THE GOVERNMENTS CAN PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE BY
INTRODUCING DIFFERENT LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, EDUCATION
SCHEMES ANDTHE AVAILABILITY OFTECHNOLOGY AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY CREATING MORE AWARENESS AND PROVIDING
MORE SUBSIDIES.
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18. : THANKYOU :
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