storage methods of vegetable crops

1. STORAGE OF
Vegetable CROPS
SUBMITTED BY
VENKATRAJ N

2. INTRODUCTION
• INDIA IS A HEAVILY POPULATED COUNTRY,TO MEETOUTTHE
NUTRITION REQUIREMENTVEGETABLE PLACE AVERY IMPORTANT
ROLE.
• INDIA PRODUCE 200.45 MILLION METRICTONNES OFVEGETABLES
DURING 2020-2021.
• THE LOSS INVEGETABLES UPTO 30-40% DUETOTHE LACKING OF
STORAGE FACILITY AND POOR POST HARVEST HANDLING.
• HEREWE ARE GOINGTO SEETHE METHOD OF STORAGE AND ITS
CONCEPTS ,WHICH IS REDUCETHE POST HARVEST LOSSES.

3. METHODS OF STORAGE:
AIR COOLED STORAGE
AIR COOLED STORAGE – REFRIGERATED WITH ICE
REFRIGEREATED STORAGE
ZECC
CAS
MAS
HBS
VACUUM STORAGE
COLD CHAIN CONCEPT
STORAGE PITS

4. AIR COOLED STORAGE:
• VEGETABLES ARE PLACED IN RACKS IN INSULATION BUILDING.
• THEVENTILATORS ARE OPENED AT NIGHTTO ADMITTHE COOL NIGHT
AIR AND SHUT DOWN DURINGTHE DAY.
• THEVEGETABLES ARE SPREAD AT RACKS AND AFFECTEDVEGETABLES
ARE REMOVED.

6. AIR COOLED STORAGE – REFRIGERATED
WITH ICE:
• A FEW STORAGES ARE FILLEDWITH ICE AND SALT AND EQUIPPED WITH
FANS FOR QUICK COOLING OFTHEVEGETABLES DURINGWARMER
PERIODS.

7. REFRIGERARED STORAGE:
• IT IS A LIQUIDTHAT EVAPORATES ATTEMEPERATURES AND RELATIVELY
AT LOW PRESSURE.
• THAT GAS ABSORBS HEAT FROMTHE STORED PRODUCT.
• THE GASWITHTHE HEAT ISTHEN PIPED OUTSIDE STORAGE ROOM
WHERE IT IS COMPRESSED AND PASSEDTHROUGH A CONDENSER
WHICHABSORBS AND DISSIPATESTHE HEAT ANDTHEN CHANGESTHE
GAS BACKTO LIQUID FOR REPEATED USE.
• THE REFRIGERANTS COMMONLY USED ARE FREON, AMMONIA AND
METHYL CHLORIDE.
• FREON IS MOST POPULAR ODOURLESS ANDTOXIC.

8. ADVANTAGES:
• PROMOT COOLING OF PRODUCTS.
• MAINTENANCE OF OPTIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITY.
• AN EVEN UPON HOLDINGTEMPERATURE WITH 1 – 2 DEGREE CELCIOUS
FLUCTUATIONS.
• NO NEEDTO DEPEND UPONTHE EXTERNAL CONDITIONS OF AIR.

10. ZERO ENERGY COOL CHAMBER(ZECC)
• ZECCWORKING UNDERTHE PRINCIPLE OF EVAPORATIVE COLLING.
• IT IS DEVELOPED BY S.K. ROY AND S.R. KHURDIYA, IARI.
• THIS STUCTURE ESSENTIAL CONTAINS A SINGLE LAYER OF BRICKS AS
FLOOR AND DOUBLE LAYER AS SIDEWALLWITHIN INTERSPACE Of 7.5
cmWIDE FILLED WITH RIVER SAND.
• THETOP IS COVERED WITH PLAITEDVETIVER ROOTS OR GUNNY CLOTH
IN A BAMBOO STUCUTRE.
• ONCETHE CHAMBER IS SATURATED WITHWATER, SPRINKLETHE
WATER INTHE MORNING AND EVENING IS ENOUGHTO MAINTAINTHE
MOISTURE AND HUMIDITY.

11. CONT..
• THESE MAINTAINED AT HIGH
HUMIDITY ABOUT 95 %.
• IT CAN REDUCETHE
TEMPERATURE DURING
SUMMER MONTHS AND
INCREASETHETEMPERATURE
DURINGTHEWINTER MONTHS.

13. CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE (CAS):
• THE RESPIRATION RATE OF STORED PRODUCT CAN BE REDUCED BY
REDUCINGTHE AMOUNT OF OXYGENAND INCREASETHE AMOUNT OF
CORBON-DI-OXIDE AND LOWERINGTHETEMPERATURE INTHE CHAMBER.
• THE COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF CASWAS ESTABLISHED BY KIDD AND
WEST (1927).
• RECOMMENDED FOR POTATO STORAGE UNDER CASWAS MAXIMUM 10%
OF CO2 AND MINIMUM 10% OF O2. (VAN ES AND HARTMANS, 1987)

15. MODIFIED ATMOSPERIC STORAGE (MAS):
• MAS MAITANINGTHE RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT 90-95% .
• IT IS MOSTLY RECOMMENDED FORTHE STORAGE OF GREEN
VEGETABLES AND OTHER ROOT ANDTUBERVEGETABLESTO PROLONG
THE STORAGE LIFE.
• MOST COMMONLY USED O2 ABSORBER: FERROUS OXIDE (IRON
POWDER).
• MOST COMMONLY USED CO2ABSORBER: HYDRATED LIME, ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL, MEGNESIUM OXIDE.
• MOST COMMONLY USED ETHYLENE ABSORBER: POTTASIUM
PERMANGANATE.

16. HYPOBARIC STORAGE:
• IT IS A MODIFIED CONTROLLED ATMOSPEHRIC STORAGE .
• IT USE OF SUB-ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (PARTIALVACCUM)TO STORE
THEVEGETABLES.
• TYPICALLYTHE PRESSURES AS LOW AS 220 mmhg. ANDTEMPERATURE OF
5 DEGREE CELCIOUS.
• IT REDUCE ETHELENE PRODUCTION AND RESPIRATION RATES.

18. VACUUM STORAGE:
• INTHISTYPE OF STORAGETHE CHAMBER IS FILLEDWITH NITROGEN GAS
BY USINGTHE NITROGEN CYLINDERS.

19. COLD CHAIN CONCEPT:
• COLD CHAIN IS A SPECIAL SUPPLY CHAIN IN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCT AND
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT.
• INTHISTHE PRODUCE IN KEPT IN APPROPRIATE LOWTEMPERATURE DURING
PROCESSING, STORAGE,TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND RETAIL FOR
MAINTAININGTHE QUALITY AND REDUCETHE LOSS AS FAR AS POSSIBLE.
• USINGTHIS METHOD FRESH GREENVEGETABLES ARE STORED AT 0 DEGEREE
CELCIOUS FOR UPTO 1 MONTH. 10 DEGEREE CELCIOUS FOR UPTO 2WEEKS.
• POTATOES 5-10 MONTHS AT 4-12 DEGEREE CELCIOUS.

22. STORAGE PITS:
• DIG A DEEP, WIDE PIT AT 3-4 FEET DEEP IN A DRY PLACEWHEREWATER
WILL NOT STAGNATED.
• THE BOTTOM LAYER IS FILLEDWITH RIVER SAND OR DRY STRAW
ALTERNATE LAYERS OFVEGETABLES WITH LAYERS OF STRAW FINISH
WITH STRAW.
• PUT A LOSE SHEET OF PLASTIC ONTOP ( COVER WITH MORE SOIL ).

24. THANKYOU….