Xerophthalmia presentation for Medical Under-graduates (MBBS & BDS) explaining the aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, classification, differential diagnosis, prophylaxis; prevention and control of xerophthalmia. Xerophthalmia- all the ocular manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency which are not just structural but also biophysical disorders. It is the most common cause of Childhood blindness (with new 3,50,000 cases every year). WHO classifies it into 6 broad categories (XN, X1,X2,X3,XC,XF). Vitamin A supplementation programmes, food fortification and long term multi pronged approach should be used.