This document discusses air and water pollution. It defines pollution as unusually high concentrations of harmful substances that make the environment impure. It identifies major air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide that are emitted from vehicles, factories, and volcanoes. Air pollution causes health problems, environmental damage, and acid rain when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in water. Acid rain damages trees, statues, and the Taj Mahal. The document also defines water pollution as contamination from wastewater, sewage, and industrial waste that degrades aquatic ecosystems and harms human health. The key causes of both air and water pollution are from vehicles, factories, and other human activities.

1. 18- Pollution Of Air And Water
Class - 8

2. WHAT IS
POLLUTION ?
The presence of unusually high
concentrations of harmful or poisonous
substances in the environment is called
pollution.
pollution contaminates the air and water
with poisonous substances and makes
them impure to such an extent that they
become harmful to the human beings,

3. Air
Air is mixture of gases. The two main
gases present in air are nitrogen and
oxygen. Nitrogen makes up to 78% Of
the air whereas oxygen makes 21% of
the air and the remaining 1% is occupied
by oxygen, water vapour, argon and
other gases. In addition to the normal
constituents polluted air may also
contain some harmful gases such as
carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide,

4. Composition of air
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Other
gases

5. Air pollution
The air over large cities is contaminated with harmful
gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, dust, smoke, etc. The contamination
of air with harmful gases, smoke and dust etc. is
called air pollution.
The substances whose presence in the air makes it
impure or contaminated is called an air pollution.
The major pollutants which causes air pollution are
sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides
excess of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and
suspended particles.

6. How Why
A Cloud smoke
from the exhaust
of a vehicle
Increasing traffic
Smoke from a
factory chimney
Growing cities
Eruption of a
volcano
Rapid economic
development
Cigarette smoke Industrialisation
Burning leaves Apathetic people
Causes of air
pollution

7. Harmful effects of air
pollution
Health problems.
Damage to the environment.
Damage to property.
Thinning of the protective ozone layer of
the atmosphere which is leading to
climate changes.

8. Acid rain
The poisonous gases like sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide that is released by the
industries, by burning fossil fuels, by the
vehicles, etc. go to the atmosphere and
pollute it. The sulphur dioxide reacts with the
water vapour to form sulphuric acid and the
nitrogen oxides reacts with water vapour to
form nitric acid. These acid gets dissolved
with the rain water and fall to earth in the form
of acid rain .

9. Effects of acid
rain
Direct damage to
leaves and root
Trees get
weekend and

10. Culture effects of
acid rain
Marble and
limestone
Acid breaks
down these

11. Many famous building are being
damaged like...
Taj mahal Statue of

12. The case of Taj
Mahal
The Taj Mahal at Agra [near Delhi] is a
beautiful historical monument made of
pure, white marble and also corroding
it slowly. This poses a threat to the
beauty of Taj mahal. The acids present
in rain reacts with the white marble and
corrode it slowly.

13. Green house
effect
Carbon dioxide gas present in the
atmosphere allows the heat rays of the
sun to pass through it and react the earth
but prevents the heat rays reflected from
earth’s surface and its objects from
passing out of the atmosphere into
space. In this way, the heat rays remain
trapped in the earth’s atmosphere and

14. Our role in controlling
air pollution
Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other
materials.
We should save electricity
We should grow more trees
We should use bicycle for covering shot
distance

15. WATER
POLLUTION

16. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually
as a result of human activities. Water bodies include for
example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater.
Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced
into the natural environment. For example, releasing
inadequately treated wastewater into natural water bodies
can lead to degradation of aquatic ecosystems. In turn, this
can lead to public health problems for people living
downstream. They may use the same polluted river water for
drinking or bathing or irrigation. Water pollution is the leading
worldwide cause of death and disease, e.g. due to water-
borne diseases.[1][2]
Water pollution can be classified as surface water or
groundwater pollution. Marine pollution and nutrient pollution
are subsets of water pollution. Sources of water pollution are
either point sources or non-point sources. Point sources
have one identifiable cause of the pollution, such as a storm

17. CAUSES OF WATER
POLLUTION
HOW SOURCES
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
DISSOLVE IN
WATER OR
GETS
DEPOSITED ON
THE BED
CITY SEWAGE
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
ENTRES LAKES,
INDUSTRIAL
WASTE

18. THANKYOU