CROP IMPROVEMENT OF BRINJAL CROP

2.  Botanical Name:- Solanum melongena
 Family :- Solanaceae
 Chromosome No. :- 24
 Origin Place :- India
 Common Names:-EggPlant, Aubergine,
Guinea squash etc .
 Eggplant has antioxidants like Vitamins A
and C, which help protect your cells against
damage.

4.  Kingdom :- Plantae
 Class :- Magnoliopsida
 Order :- Solanales
 Family :- Solanaceae
 Genus :- Solanum
 Species :- melongena

5. 1. Solanum turvum
2. Solanum nigrum 1.
3. Solanum indicum
4. Solanum manosum
4. 3. 2.

6.  There are 3 main botanical varieties under the species
melongena.
 The common brinjal, to which large, round or eggshaped
fruited forms belong, are grouped under var. esculentum.
 The long, slender types are included under var.
Serpentinum.
 and the dwarf brinjal plants are put under var.
depressum.

7.  Annual herbaceous plant. It is perennial plant but
cultivated as annual.
 Inflorescence is solitary or cluster of 2-5 flowers. Well
branched stem and deep root system.
 Flowers are actinomorphic, Whitish or pinkish in colour.
 Calyx are 5 gamosepalous, forms cup like structure at the
base.
 Corolla are 5, purple/white in colour, gamopetalous.
 5-6 stamens yellow in colour, small filaments & large anther
are attached the base of petals. Anther dehiscence occur
longitudinal.

8.  Capitate stigma is found either above or on the same
level or below the stamens.
 Ovary is bilocular with many ovules, hypogynous and
with basal placentation.
 Fruit is berry type. Fruit shapes ranging from egg
shaped to club shaped.
 Fruit colour white, yellow, green through degree of
purple pigmentation to almost black.
 Leaves of egg plant are simple, large, lobed & hypo
pubescent in nature.
 Leaves are present alternately on the nodes.

10. Flower generally emerge 40 to 45 days after
planting.
Starts in morning around 07:30 am and
continues till 11:00 am.
Anthesis and dehiscence are mainly
influenced by the Day light, Temperature,
Relative humidity.

11.  Essentially a self pollinated crop & stamens dehisce
at the same time when stigma is receptive.
 Self pollination varies between 80-92 %.
 Pollen viability is retained for 8-10 days at 20-30 C &
Relative humidity of 50 – 55 %.
 Some natural cross pollination depending on: Flower
type, Insect activity at flowering time, Planting
density, Wind velocity.

12.  For high yielding
 Earliness
 Fruit shape, size & colour as per the consumer preference
 Low proportion of seed & more pulp
 Soft flesh
 Give flowering & fruiting at high temperature
 Having straight growth habit
 Attractive colour
 Less fruit thickness
 Resistance to Bacterial Wilt, shoot and fruit borer & to
frost.

13. 1. Pure line selection:
Pureline is the progeny of a single self fertilized
homozygous individual.
Pusa Purple Long (IARI, New Delhi), Long fruit,
shiny, early maturing.
Pant Samrat (GBPUAT, Pantnagar), Resistance to
Bacterial Wilt, fruit & shoot borer.
Pusa Purple Cluster (IARI, New Delhi), Medium
early, erect, fruit in cluster, deep purple.
Resistance to Bacterial Wilt.

14.  This method was adopted to develop
material as well a variety for high yield,
earliness, quality and for resistance.
 In this method, single plant selection is
followed up to F5 or F6 generations.
 Pusa kranti (IARI, New Delhi), PPL X Hyderpur
X Wynad giant, plant medium tall, upright
erect, less seeded.

15. This method consists of growing large
populations in each generation and
harvesting the seeds in bulk.
No selection is made in F2 and bulk
populations grown up to F5 or F6.
At the end of the bulking period, individual
plants are selected.

16.  The hybrid and the progenies are repeatedly back
crossed to one of the parent.
 This method involves the selection of two parent.
One is the recurrent and the other is the non
recurrent parent.
 F1 population is grown in rows and tested for
resistance.
 Usually applied to transfer resistance characteristics
controlled by major genes in cultivar.

17. It is the superiority of F1 hybrid over both
parents.
Arka Navneet (IIHR, Bengaluru), IIHR 22-1
X Supreme, oval fruit, attractive skin, deep
purple, soft & white flesh.
COBHI (TNAU), EP45 X CO2 medium sized
fruit, deep purple in colour.

18. PKM-1
Developed at TNAU
It is an induced 1 mutant (Gamma rays) of
local type called Puzhuthi kathiri.
Draught tolerant
Average yield is 34.75 tones per hectare in a
duration of 150-155 days.
Fruit weight is 45 to 65 g.

19. AVRDC:- The Asian Vegetable Research and
Development Centre, Taiwan.
IIHR:- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,
Bangalore.
IIVR:- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,
Varanasi.
NBPGR:- National Bureau of Plant Genetic
Resources, Hyderabad.