Construction and demolition (C&D) waste makes up around 30% of municipal solid waste in India and consists of materials like concrete, brick, timber, sanitary ware, glass, steel, and plastics. While some retrievable materials are recycled, over 50% of C&D waste in India, including concrete and sanitary ware, is currently sent to landfills. Recycling C&D waste can reduce costs, environmental damage from disposal, and consumption of natural resources by using materials like crushed concrete as aggregate in new construction. However, lack of awareness, government support, and appropriate recycling facilities currently act as barriers to greater promotion and use of recycled C&D waste in India.

1. CONSTRUCTION
AND
DEMOLITION WASTE

2. INTRODUCTION
 Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste constitutes a major
portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most of it is
used in land fill.
 Demolition sites in various cities are large amounts of solid waste.
 There are possibilities of appropriately treating and reusing such
waste as aggregate in new concrete, especially in lower level
applications.
 In India, it is very common to see huge piles of C&D waste, stacked
alongside of major roads resulting in traffic jams & chocking of drains.
 There are different aspects of the problem beginning with a brief
review of the INDIAN scenario in terms of C&D waste generated.

3. Indian Scenario of C&D Waste Processing
Around 30% of the total municipal solid waste generated in the country comprises of
C&D waste.
The C&D Waste generated in each city would reflect different characteristics based on
each city’s growth pattern and lifestyle.
While retrievable items such as bricks, wood, metal, titles are recycled, the concrete,
and sanitary ware, accounting for more than 50% of the waste from construction and
demolition activities, are not being currently recycled in India.

4. WHAT DOES C & D WASTE
CONSISTS OF?
 Concrete
 Brick
 Timber
 Sanitary ware
 Glass
 Steel
 Plastics

5.  CONCRETE :
Concrete is one of the most important construction material.
Approximately one ton of concrete is used per capita per year through out the world.
 Recycling of concrete reduces
• Cost of aggregates
• Disposal cost
• Environmental damage
• Consumption of natural resources &
• Valuable landfill space
Recycled coarse aggregates may be more durable than virgin material.
It can also be used in residential construction.

6.  BRICK :
 Broken & discarded brick can be used as construction infill or as
aggregate for non-structural concrete.
Crushed brick & roofing tiles are the bulk of demolition waste which
were earlier being dumped in landfills.
 But now they can be recycled into mortar plaster & building blocks.

7.  TIMBER:
 It is mostly crushed into chip & used as fuel.
Wood-chip concrete can be used as building material.
 This chip can be sawn & nailed as well.
 In Japan alone about 12 million cubic meters of used
timber from demolished houses are used.

8.  SANITARY WARE:
Sanitary ware includes tiles also.
There can be reused as it is, if they are not damaged.
 If sanitary ware are cracked(or) otherwise damaged are advised to
crush and use them as construction infill (or) as filler in concrete.

9.  GLASS:
One ton of recycled waste glass corresponds to savings in energy
equivalent to 125lit of fuel oil & 1.2tons of raw materials.
 Recycling of glass reduces non-biodegradable glass out of landfills.
It can also be used to make mineral wool- an insulation product & in
granular form as part of the aggregate in concrete mixes.

10.  STEEL:
 Steel is most commonly used metal in the world.
 Steel reinforcement from demolished concrete is usually
separated from the rubble on site & sold scrap to recycling
plants.
 The world produces over 783 million tons of raw steel.
It currently recycles over 320 million tons of iron &
steel every year.
 Scrap metal can yield energy savings of upto 76% .

11.  PLASTIC:
There is an over abundance of waste plastic.
 It is very difficult to dispose plastics.
 Waste plastics can be shredded & used as filler in other materials
such as concrete & also in construction of roads.
 The measure part of household plastic can be used in land fill .

12. PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATE MADE FROM C&D WASTE
 Recycled concrete aggregate could be produced from
• recycled precast elements and cubes after testing,
• demolished concrete buildings.
 Size distribution: Recycled aggregate whether fine and course, can be obtained
by primary and secondary crushing.
• Primary crushing usually reduces the C&D concrete rubble to about 50mm
pieces.
• The second crusher is then used to reduce the material further to a particle size
of about 14–20 mm.
 Absorption: The water absorption in RA ranges from 3 to 12% for the coarse and
the fine fractions with the actual value depending upon the type of concrete used
for producing the aggregate.

13. BARRIERS IN PROMOTING USE OF C&D WASTE
Lack of awareness.
Lack of government support.
Lack of appropriately located recycling facilities.
Absence of appropriate technology.

14. Conclusion
It has been established that materials & components from demolished
buildings are being reused for new construction works as well as
renovation projects, especially by low- income communities.
Most of the demolition rubble is dumped, the developed world has now
started to recycle it into aggregate for non-structural concrete.
It is hoped that recycling waste materials for use in the building will cut
down costs of producing new raw materials thereby reducing consumption
of natural resources like energy & reduces usage of landfills.
By reusing and recycling the construction and demolition waste we can
reduce the use of natural resource and we can minimize the pollution of
earth by minimum disposal of construction and demolition waste into the
landfills.

15. THANK YOU