This document discusses an analysis of patents related to pseudo-medical methods for treating substance abuse and addiction in Russia from 1925-2011. Key findings include: - Over 100,000 patents were analyzed, with 456 related to treating alcoholism and drug addiction. - Many proposed treatments were found to be dangerous or life-threatening. - Prolonged examination periods were found to increase the likelihood of dangerous treatments being approved. - 2938 patients were exposed to life-threatening experiments through these patented methods. - The research led to changes in regulation banning certain pseudo-scientific addiction treatment methods.

1. Analysis of pseudo-medical methods, drugs &
devices using the Patents Libraries
Sergey Soshnikov
MD, Ph.D.

2. Overview
2
Section 1
• Main sources of data used in
Public Health research
• Specific data sources
Section 2
• The impact of Healthcare
Services and Technologies on
Population Health
Section 4
• Findings
• Discussion of study results
Section 3
• Conducting a study based on
patents database

3. PUBLIC HEALTH DATA
3
• National accounts
• Resources of Health System
• Insurance data
• Services, technologies, drugs
• Social media
• Twitter and so on…
In public health we are often interested in the frequency,
distribution and determinants of health problems and disease in
populations.
• Raw data:
– Births
– Deaths
– Hospital Admissions
– Cancer Registrations
– GP consultations
– Prescriptions
– Accident & Emergency
attendances
– Population
– And other…

4. Data Catalogs and Repositories
•International Household Survey Network
•Integrated Public Use Microdata Series International (IPUMS-I)
•Integrated Public Use Microdata Series USA (IPUMS-USA)
•Simple Online Data Archive for Population Studies (SodaPop)
•Synapse (formerly Sage Bionetworks Repository)
•HealthData.Gov (USA)
Country Open Data Sites
•United States
Data Archives
•Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
•Dataverse from IQSS (Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard
University)
Health (Indicator) Databases
•WHO Global Health Observatory
•World Bank Open Data
•European Health for All Database (HFA/DB)
•CDC Wonder (USA)
•Health Indicators Warehouse (USA)
Free Online
Databases
Available for All
4

5. Determinants : Factors affecting health
5
Health is affected by many factors, as summarized
by Dahlgren and Whitehead’s diagram…
Social Factors:
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Education
- Age
- Social Class
Psychological Factors:
- Values
- Beliefs
- Attitudes
Wider Community:
- Access to services
- Parental Control
- Political Climate
- Peer Pressure
- Economic
- Financial
- Access to Resources

6. What is Open Source for HTA?
6
• The Cochrane and other Systematic Reviews and Meta-
analyses Libraries
• PubMed with tons of RCT and papers with other types of CT
• RTC registries (unpublished data)
• Patents on medical technologies, drugs and devices

7. 7RUSSIAN
www.fips.ru

8. Some examples of pseudo-medicine that really exist in Russia today. Found in media...
Healing
excrements
The secret
of instant
healing
Magic and spells
from the Grandma
Beer
Treatment
Living and
dead water
Berries help
against cancer
Cure as in
the old
Howtodefinedangerousmedicalhealth
technologiesusingpatentsdatabase?

9. 9
Content analysis of proprietary patented treatment methods for substance
abuse and dependence disorders in USSR and Russia in 1925-2011
We downloaded and screened over 100,000 patents with International
Patent Classification (IPC) A-61 "Medicine" from the patents database
www.fips.ru
Finds:
• 456 descriptions of inventions and applications for treatment of
alcoholism and drug addiction;
• More than 100 patent descriptions on methods for treating tobacco
dependence.
Capabilities assessment, classification, and salient features of medical
pseudoscience

10. 10
Over 100,000 patents
DOWNLOADED from
Federal Patents Service
A61 classification
“Medicine”
HTML pages
keywordsfilter
Other fields
of Medicine
Mental and
behavioral
disorders due to
psychoactive
substance use
ICD F10-F19
1100 patents
Unclassified
and trash
Set
part
1
Set
part
2
Set
part
3
4 experts watch and evaluate every part of the set twice
with questionnaire using Google documents (Forms)
Automatically by keywords
456
patents

11. 11
Set
part
1
Set
part
2
Set
part
3
456
patent
s
3 parts of 456 HTML
files
Every part was checked 2 times
by different expert
Gathered all the parts and
check for discrepancies

12. 12
Most patents on drug and alcohol treatment were registered in the period 1991-2007.
The first application was done in 1957.
Years
Numberofdocuments

13. 13
Changing the timing of the expertise - filing of a patent application prior to its registration
COMMUNISM ERA CAPITALISM ERA
Periodfromapplicationtoregistration(years)
Years
Year
Periodfromapplicationtoregistration(years)
Box Plots diagram illustrate the variation
of the examination period of applications.

14. 14
Table 1. Types of dependence and danger of the proposed treatment
methods.
Dangerous
Not
dangerous
Unknown
Number of
patents
Opiate 18 4 12 34
Psychostimulants 0 0 1 1
Toxicomania 1 2 1 4
Alcoholism 34 104 85 223
Mixed addiction 25 54 86 165
Missed data 0 2 0 2
Total 78 166 185 429

15. 15
Drug Device Method Algorithm Mixed TOTAL
Respiratory
system
0 0 2 2 0 4
Digestive system 32 0 6 0 0 38
Head 0 4 16 2 0 22
Blood 3 1 1 3 0 8
Limbs 0 0 3 0 0 3
Skin 0 3 16 0 0 19
Nervous System 118 3 27 17 1 166
Many organs 58 3 29 16 1 107
Other 22 5 28 6 0 61
TOTAL 233 19 129 46 2 428
Table 3. The organs and systems of the body which were the target to treatment methods

16. 16
Table 3. Hazardous to patient's life
Years of
expertise Dangerous
Not
dangerous Unknown
Number of
patents
1 12 20 9 41
2 10 18 8 36
3 6 15 10 31
4 9 5 13 27
5 6 6 11 23
6 2 2 5 9
7 1 2 1 4
8 1 1 2 4
9 0 0 2 2
12 0 0 1 1
16 0 1 1 2
Total 66 65 177
Mann-Whitney test for groups "Dangerous" / "not dangerous" shows significant differences.
The main conclusion: Prolonged reduction (quality) examination therapies increases the tolerance to
the registration of hazardous treatments.

17. 17
From 1956 to 2011
• 16832 patients undergone these patented
methods of treatment
• 2938 patients were exposed to life-threatening
experiments

18. Methods
18
On what type of research
method based
Drug Device Authors
method
Treatment
Plan
Mixed
RCT Series Case No research
QTT
QTT

19. 19
METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF
SUBSTANCE ADDICTION and
alcohol:
"... Used an electrical current with
the parameters that cause the
development of unilateral
convulsive fit"

20. Five examples of pseudo-scientific treating methods
 Patent # 2153882. "Patients with alcohol dependence receive the xeno-implant of donor fetal
brain tissue with the use of cloth of bluish spots laboratory mammal in the amount of 15-25 mg.
Transplantation is carried out under the patient skin distant in 6.5 intercostal space. The method
reduces the expression of undesirable side effects of treatment and abstinence".
 Patent # 1438783 "subcutaneous implant in the form of spherules to be filled in the zone
located in the center distance between the special points # 1 Buy-Hui (20.III) and Sin-Hui".
 Patent # 1279641 "The patient felt a "lightning strike to the head"... produced by procedure of
application of the sinusoidal current with a frequency of 5000 Hz for 0.5-1 seconds to the brain“
 Patent # 2159636 "Method of coding - give a verbal symbol "psychotronic weapons", and
“alcohol is a super-substance". Suggestive effect enhances an atmosphere of mystery. Inspire
"retribution" for violation of sobriety to the termination of anti-alcoholic code ... form the
patient's psycho-emotional state out of the "miracle." It is also reported that the doctor has no
right to disclose all the details of the process".
 Patent # 2055602 "... the patient squeezes rubber roller teeth, head and the proposed location
of the second electrode overlap cleaned with a solution of alcohol, the electrodes are applied
using the technique of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy, non-dominant hemisphere
stimulation (right side for right-handers).
20

22. •One product does it all.
•Personal testimonials. Quick fixes.
•Quick fixes.
• “All natural.”
•“Miracle cure.”
•Conspiracy theories.
•No side effects.
Tip-Offs
FDA offers some tip-offs to help you identify rip-offs

23. Outcomes:
• Publications in main Newspapers and other media changed public opinion.
• TV shows and reports on TV have been noticed by the policymakers.
• The method that has been used for many years in grey zone has been studied.
• Changing regulation in the treatment of substance abuse and dependence in
Russia.
• Now «coding of alcoholism» is banned by the regulating authority.
23

24. Where does to complain about
the charlatans?
Contents of the quack treatment or questionable medical device or drug through
the system of electronic forms applications for citizens:
1. Rospotrebnadzor. Appeals on the facts of trade substandard goods, including,
Supplements, devices and pseudomedical services
http://rospotrebnadzor.ru/feedback/new.php
2. The Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS). Accepted treatment of suspicious
advertising services and medical products http://fas.gov.ru/citizens/feedback/
3. The Ministry of Health of Russia. Accepted applications of citizens in any form
http://www.rosminzdrav.ru/reception/appeals/new
4. Rozdravnadzor. Regulator issuing permits for medical devices.
http://roszdravnadzor.ru/people