The document outlines the general process for forming garments from raw fibers through fabric formation and chemical processing. Raw fibers such as cotton or polyester are first selected. The fibers then undergo ginning to separate lint and seeds, opening and cleaning, carding to reach single fiber form, drawing to apply tension, and roving to form roves. These roves are used in ring frames to form yarns. Fabrics are then produced from the yarns through processes like weaving, knitting, or braiding. Finally, the fabrics undergo chemical processing which may include singeing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing and patterning to create the final garment ready for market.

1. BY SAYAN KUNDU

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3. General flowchart of forming garments
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5. • Raw Fibre is to be Taken on the basis of garments we want to
make.
• Suppose, Our aim is to make Cotton fabric, we have to take
Cotton fibres as raw fibre.
• Beside this , if we want to make Polyester Cotton Blend Fabric we
have to take The both Polyester and Cotton basing on a ratio.
Raw Fibre Selection

6. Ginning
• Ginning is a process of picking up of raw Fibres
from the plants manually or by machine
• If the process is done manually, then that is
known as Hand ginning,if machine is used then
that is Machine ginning
• Here when the cotton bolls are collected from
the Plants, the lints and cotton seeds are
separated

7. Opening & Cleaning of Fibres
• After collecting the fibres from the cotton bolls,
they need to open and clean because there
may be amount of impurities like pectic matter,
wax, ash or others which may create problem in
further process
• Sometimes cleaning is possible by oening the
fibres by hand as it helps to remove the
impurities from the fibres.

8. • But in this modern era Technology have been
developed and made so many machines to
perform this operation.
• Generally, in the Modern machines spiked rollers
are used to take the fibers from the storage and
it is opened by the same.
• The place in an industry where the processes like
opening and cleaning are done is known as
Blowroom section which consist a no. of
machineries instead of one machine.

9. Carding
• Involves carding machine which is known as heart of spinning
mill
• Feed (input) materials are in lap form or flock form which are
produced in blowroom section
• In machine, there are rollers and flats with wirepoints
• Wirepoints opens the flocks or lap and also clean the materials
• From the lap, wirepoints helps to reach in the single fibre form
• In the output of the machine Slivers are formed

10. Flocks of Fibre
Lap
Carding Machine Sliver

11. Drawing
• Involves Draw Frame machine is used after carding
• Feed (input) materials are in sliver which are produced in carding
section
• In machine, there are number of rollers
• Rollers apply tension in the sliver and draw it as for each rollers
speeds are not same.
• In the output of the machine Slivers are formed that are known as
Drawn sliver

12. Card Sliver
DrawFrame
Drawn Sliver

13. Roving
• Involves Speed Frame machine is used after Draw Frame
• Feed (input) materials are in Drawn sliver which are produced in Draw
Frame
• In the output of the machine Roves are formed
Drawn Sliver Speed Frame Rove Material

14. Yarn Formation
• Involves Ring Frame machine is used after Speed Frame
• Feed (input) materials are Rove Material which are produced in
Speed Frame
• In the output of the machine Yarns are formed
Rove Material Ring Frame Yarn

15. Fabric Formation
• Fabric are produced from the Yarn at Next
• So many fabric Formation technique present like Weaving, knitting,
braiding etc
• During the time of weaving, 2 type of yarns are required , one in
vertical direction and one in horizontal direction
Weaving

16. • During the time of knitting, 1 type of yarn are
required , one yarn is able to produce fabric
by making Interloop
• Braiding is a method where 3 or more yarn
are used. Durin Interlacement they cross one
another and laid together in diagonal form
Knitting
Braiding

17. Chemical Processing
• It is done, when Fabrics are made or can be done before that.
• The fabric is passed through process where they are treated
chemically to make them more effective one.
• It is not a single step. A large no of stages are involved here
like
Singeing to remove protruding fibres from surface of fabric
or yarn
Scouring, bleaching to remove impurities
Dyeing, Patterning to give colour and pattern to the fabric
etc.
Then Final Fabric/Garments are ready now for marketing.