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1. Phytosomes
Nikam Saurabh devidas
F.Y M. PHARMACY
SEMESTER II
K.B.H.S.S. Tr’s I.O.P MALEGOAN

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Structure of Phytosomes
3. Method of preparation
4. Advantages
5. Disadvantages
6. Reference

3. Introduction
 Phytosome are novel drug delivery system.
 The term "Phyto" means plant and "some" means cell-like. Phytosomes are little cell
like structures.
 This is advanced form of herbal formulations which contains the bioactive Phyto
constituents of herb extracts surround and bound by a lipid.
 Most of bioactive constituents are water soluble compounds like flavonoids,
glycosides because of their water soluble property and lipophilic outer layer it
shows better absorption and produce better bioavailability.

4. Structure of Phytosomes

5. Structure of Phytosomes
 Phytosome is a complex between natural product and natural phospholipid.
 The phytosome complex is obtained by reaction of suitable amount of phospholipid
and the substrate in appropriate solvent such as glycerol.
 The main phospholipid-substrate interaction is due to formation of hydrogen bonds
between polar head of phospholipid and polar functionalities of substrate.
 When treated with water, they assume a micelle shape, forming structures which
resembles liposomes.

6. Phyotosomes vs liposomes

7. Method of preparation
1) Solvent evaporation method
2) Rotary evaporation technique
3) Anti solvent precipitation technique

8. 1) Solvent evaporation method
Drug and soya lecithin
Refluxed with 20ml of acetone at a temperature 50-60 degree for 2hours
Concentrate mixture to 5-10ml
Obtain the precipitate
Filter and collect
phytosomes obtained

9. 2) Rotary evaporation technique
Drug and soya lecithin
Dissolved in 30ml of tetrahydrofuran
stirring for 3hours at a temperature not exceeding 40degree
Thin film is formed
Add n-hexane with stirring
Precipitate obtained
Dry and pass through mesh
Phytosomes formed

10. 3) Anti solvent precipitation technique
Drug + soya lecithin
Refluxed with 20ml dichloromethane at 60 degree for 2hrs.
Concentrate mixture to 5-10ml
Add hexane 20ml
Filter the ppt formed.
Dry, crush and pass through #100

11. Advantages
 Better bioavailability
 Reduced dose.
 Hepatoprotective synergistic effect.
 Better stability profile.
 Nutritional benefit.
 It assures proper delivery of drugs to the respective tissues.
 Phyotosomes are also superior to liposomes in skin care products.
 Enhanced permeation of drug through skin.

12. Disadvantages
 When administered orally or topically they limit their bioavailability.
 Phytoconstituents is quickly eliminated from phytosome.

13. Reference
 Semalty A, Semalty M, Singh R, Rawat MSM. Phytosomes in herbal drug delivery. Indian drugs 2006;
page no: 937-946.
 Zhang J, Tang Q, Xu X, Li N. Development and evaluation of a novel phytosome -loaded chitosan
microsphere system for curcumin delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2013; 448:168-
174. 14.
 Habbu P, Madagundi S, Kulkarni R, Jadav S, Vanakudri R, Kulkarni V, et al. and evaluation of Bacopa
phospholipids complex for antiamnesic activity in rodents. Drug invention today 2013; 5(1): 13-21.
 Parris K, Kathleen H, A review of the bioavailability and clinical efficacy of milk thistle phytosome: a
silybinphosphatidylcholine complex, Altern Med Rev, 10(3), 2005, 193-203.
 Gupta A, Ashawat MS, Saraf S, Phytosome: A novel approach towards functional cosmetics, J Plant
sci, 2(6), 2007, 644-649.